Abstract: Disclosed is a is a treatment for the adverse psychological effects (including depression, low self esteem, guilt, increased stress, anhedonia, decreased cognition, sleep disturbances, general fatigue, agitation/motor dyskinesia and decreased appetite) resulting from androgens or GnRH analogue intake, by administering a compound which antagonizes estradiol or its receptors, or blocks and prevents estradiol binding to the estradiol receptors (including antiestrogens) and/or a compound which inhibits endogenous production of estradiol, including aromatase inhibitors. Suitable antiestrogens include clomiphene and its isomer enclomiphene, tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and toremifene. Suitable cytochrome P450 (P450arom) aromatase inhibitors include formestane, exemestane, anastrozole, and letrozole.

Abstract: Methods of treating or reducing the risk of one or more effects or signs of induced hypogonadism after androgen or GnRH intake are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a method of treating one or more effects after androgen or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue intake comprises administering to a male subject at least one of a blocking compound which antagonizes estradiol binding to estradiol receptors or an inhibitor compound which inhibits endogenous production of estradiol, after androgen or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue intake, to treat the one or more effects. The one or more effects include adverse body composition changes, decreased muscle strength, or both. The inhibitor compound and/or blocking compound may include antiestrogen agents, aromatase inhibitors, or combinations thereof.