Abstract: A system for delivering vapor phase fluid at an elevated pressure from a transport vessel containing liquefied or two-phase fluid is provided. The system includes: (a) a transport vessel positioned in a substantially horizontal position; (b) one or more energy delivery elements disposed on the lower portion of the transport vessel wherein the energy delivery devices include a heating means and a first insulation means, wherein the energy delivery devices are configured to the contour of the transport vessel; (c) one or more substantially rigid support devices disposed on the outer periphery of the energy delivery devices, wherein the support devices hold the energy delivery devices in thermal contact with a lower portion of the transport vessel; and (d) one or more attaching devices secure the rigid support devices onto the transport vessel and hold the energy delivery devices between the substantially rigid support device and a wall of the transport vessel.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and systems for reliable ultra-high purity (UHP) helium gas supply and maintaining dedicated onsite inventory. Specifically, the invention employs multiple ISO containers whereby vaporized UHP helium in the standby ISO container(s) is used to build-up pressure in the online ISO container. The thermal shields of the ISO containers can be used to decrease heat leaks into the backup ISO container thereby decreasing helium vaporation rate and the amount of gas needed to be withdrawn in order to maintain the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) of the vessel. An even lower supply rate is possible by drawing UHP helium gas using an economizer valve but maintaining liquid in the ISO container. This makes it possible to efficiently manage the supply rate, from low flows to higher flow requirements, and to optimize UHP helium draw rate from the storage vessels.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for vapor phase fluid delivery to a desired end use are provided, wherein the conditions of the system are monitored to determine when the water concentration or supply vessel surface temperature exceeds a specified value or when the low vapor pressure fluid pressure falls below a specified value for the purpose of removing a first supply vessel from service by discontinuing vapor flow from the first supply vessel and initiating vapor flow from a second supply vessel.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for vapor phase fluid delivery to a desired end use are provided, wherein the conditions of the system are monitored to determine when the water concentration or supply vessel surface temperature exceeds a specified value or when the low vapor pressure fluid pressure falls below a specified value for the purpose of removing a first supply vessel from service by discontinuing vapor flow from the first supply vessel and initiating vapor flow from a second supply vessel.

Abstract: A system for delivering vapor phase fluid at an elevated pressure from a transport vessel containing liquefied or two-phase fluid is provided. The system includes: (a) a transport vessel positioned in a substantially horizontal position; (b) one or more energy delivery elements disposed on the lower portion of the transport vessel wherein the energy delivery devices include a heating means and a first insulation means, wherein the energy delivery devices are configured to the contour of the transport vessel; (c) one or more substantially rigid support devices disposed on the outer periphery of the energy delivery devices, wherein the support devices hold the energy delivery devices in thermal contact with a lower portion of the transport vessel; and (d) one or more attaching devices secure the rigid support devices onto the transport vessel and hold the energy delivery devices between the substantially rigid support device and a wall of the transport vessel.

Abstract: A system for delivering vapor phase fluid at an elevated pressure from a transport vessel containing liquefied or two-phase fluid is provided. The system includes: (a) a transport vessel positioned in a substantially horizontal position; (b) one or more energy delivery elements disposed on the lower portion of the transport vessel wherein the energy delivery devices include a heating means and a first insulation means, wherein the energy delivery devices are configured to the contour of the transport vessel; (c) one or more substantially rigid support devices disposed on the outer periphery of the energy delivery devices, wherein the support devices hold the energy delivery devices in thermal contact with a lower portion of the transport vessel; and (d) one or more attaching devices secure the rigid support devices onto the transport vessel and hold the energy delivery devices between the substantially rigid support device and a wall of the transport vessel.

Abstract: A system for delivering vapor phase fluid at an elevated pressure from a transport vessel containing liquefied or two-phase fluid is provided. The system includes: (a) a transport vessel positioned in a substantially horizontal position; (b) one or more energy delivery devices disposed on the lower portion of the transport vessel wherein the energy delivery devices include a heating means and a thermally conductive non-adhesive layer disposed therebetween to the gaps and provide substantially uniform energy to the transport vessel.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for vapor phase fluid delivery to a desired end use are provided, wherein the conditions of the system are monitored to determine when the water concentration or supply vessel surface temperature exceeds a specified value or when the low vapor pressure fluid pressure falls below a specified value for the purpose of removing a first supply vessel from service by discontinuing vapor flow from the first supply vessel and initiating vapor flow from a second supply vessel.

Abstract: A system for delivering vapor phase fluid at an elevated pressure from a transport vessel containing liquefied or two-phase fluid is provided. The system includes: (a) a transport vessel positioned in a substantially horizontal position; (b) one or more energy delivery elements disposed on the lower portion of the transport vessel wherein the energy delivery devices include a heating means and a first insulation means, wherein the energy delivery devices are configured to the contour of the transport vessel; (c) one or more substantially rigid support devices disposed on the outer periphery of the energy delivery devices, wherein the support devices hold the energy delivery devices in thermal contact with a lower portion of the transport vessel; and (d) one or more attaching devices secure the rigid support devices onto the transport vessel and hold the energy delivery devices between the substantially rigid support device and a wall of the transport vessel.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and systems for detecting contaminants that can precipitate and deposit on a workpiece during a carbon dioxide application, especially contaminants that are already present and dissolved in the fresh carbon dioxide fed to the application. One aspect of this invention includes a method of detecting contaminants dissolved in a carbon dioxide stream, including the steps of sampling at least a portion of the carbon dioxide stream to form a carbon dioxide sample; modifying at least one physical condition of the carbon dioxide sample to form an aerosol that includes gaseous carbon dioxide and at least one suspended contaminant; and detecting the number of particles of suspended contaminant in at least a portion of the carbon dioxide sample with at least one particle counter. A system for continuously detecting contaminants dissolved in a carbon dioxide stream is also described.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is purified through the use of catalytic oxidation. Carbon dioxide is exposed to at least one catalyst, oxidizing at least a portion of the nonvolatile organic residues to form purified carbon dioxide that is directed to an application. Carbon dioxide that is in a near-critical, critical, or supercritical phase can be exposed to the catalyst.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is purified through the use of catalytic oxidation. Carbon dioxide is exposed to at least one catalyst, oxidizing at least a portion of the nonvolatile organic residues to form purified carbon dioxide that is directed to an application. Carbon dioxide that is in a near-critical, critical, or supercritical phase can be exposed to the catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and systems for detecting contaminants that can precipitate and deposit on a workpiece during a carbon dioxide application, especially contaminants that are already present and dissolved in the fresh carbon dioxide fed to the application. One aspect of this invention includes a method of detecting contaminants dissolved in a carbon dioxide stream, including the steps of sampling at least a portion of the carbon dioxide stream to form a carbon dioxide sample; modifying at least one physical condition of the carbon dioxide sample to form an aerosol that includes gaseous carbon dioxide and at least one suspended contaminant; and detecting the number of particles of suspended contaminant in at least a portion of the carbon dioxide sample with at least one particle counter. A system for continuously detecting contaminants dissolved in a carbon dioxide stream is also described.

Abstract: Apparatus useful for purifying a gas stream comprises a heat exchanger, a monolithic supported catalyst system whose downstream end is connected in fluid communication with an inlet of the heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a catalyst system comprising a catalyst supported on a monolithic unitary support having passages therethrough, the support having a length and upstream and downstream ends at opposite ends of the length, wherein the diameter of said support is from one-half to two times the diameter of the shell of the heat exchanger, and wherein the downstream end of said support is connected in fluid communication with the inlets of said tubes by a passageway whose length does not exceed the length of the support and whose diameter is at no point less than the smaller of the diameter of said support and the diameter of said shell.