Abstract: A method for producing a perovskite material photovoltaic device, the method comprising: depositing a layer comprising a fullerene or fullerene derivative on a perovskite material; depositing a cross-linking agent on the perovskite material or the layer comprising the fullerene or fullerene derivative, wherein the cross-linking agent comprises a silane, wherein the silane is a halosilyalkane; and depositing one or more polymers on the perovskite material or the layer comprising the fullerene or fullerene derivative.

Abstract: A method for preparing photoactive perovskite materials. The method comprises the steps of: introducing a lead halide and a first solvent to a first vessel and contacting the lead halide with the first solvent to dissolve the lead halide to form a lead halide solution, introducing a Group 1 metal halide a second solvent into a second vessel and contacting the Group 1 metal halide with the second solvent to dissolve the Group 1 metal halide to form a Group 1 metal halide solution, and contacting the lead halide solution with the Group 1 metal halide solution to form a thin-film precursor ink. The method further comprises depositing the thin-film precursor ink onto a substrate, drying the thin-film precursor ink to form a thin film, annealing the thin film; and rinsing the thin film with a salt solution.

Abstract: A method including forming a lead halide precursor ink comprising a group 1 metal halide, a lead halide, an ionic liquid, and a solvent; depositing the lead halide precursor ink onto a substrate; drying the lead halide precursor ink to form a lead halide film; and annealing the lead halide film.

Abstract: Particular embodiments described herein provide for a synthetic fuel creation system. The synthetic fuel creation system includes a syngas creation station to create syngas, a crude creation station to create heavy syncrude, and a crude cracking station to convert the heavy syncrude into synthetic fuel. The synthetic fuel creation system can use an electrocatalysis system to create the syngas and the electrocatalysis system can include an anode, a cathode, oxygen evolution reaction catalysts, hydrogen/carbon monoxide evolution reaction catalysts, and an electrolyte, where the hydrogen/carbon monoxide evolution reaction catalysts include a graphitic carbon nitride.

Abstract: A method including forming a lead halide precursor ink comprising a group 1 metal halide, a lead halide, an ionic liquid, and a solvent; depositing the lead halide precursor ink onto a substrate; drying the lead halide precursor ink to form a lead halide film; and annealing the lead halide film.

Abstract: A method for preparing photoactive perovskite materials. The method comprises the steps of preparing a lead and tin halide precursor ink.

Abstract: A perovskite material that has a perovskite crystal lattice having a formula of CxMyXz, and alkyl polyammonium cations disposed within or at a surface of the perovskite crystal lattice; wherein x, y, and z, are real numbers; C comprises one or more cations selected from the group consisting of Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, ammonium, formamidinium, guanidinium, and ethene tetramine; M comprises one or more metals each selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Fe, Cd, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Hg, Sn, Ge, Ga, Pb, In, Tl, Sb, Bi, Ti, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Zr, and combinations thereof; and X comprises one or more anions each selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, chalcogenides, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A perovskite material that has a perovskite crystal lattice having a formula of CxMyXz, where x, y, and z, are real numbers. Bulky organic cations reside near a surface or a grain boundary of the perovskite crystal lattice. C includes one or more cations selected from the group consisting of Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, methylammonium, formamidinium, guanidinium, and ethene tetramine. M includes one or more metals each selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Fe, Cd, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Hg, Sn, Ge, Ga, Pb, In, Tl, Sb, Bi, Ti, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Zr and combinations thereof. X includes one or more anions each selected from the group consisting of halides, sulfides, selenides, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method for solvent-free perovskite deposition. The method comprises loading a lead target and one or more samples adhered to a substrate holder into a deposition chamber, pumping down to a high vacuum pressure, and backfilling the deposition chamber with the vapor of a salt precursor to form a perovskite material.

Abstract: Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes, the active layer having perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers.

Abstract: Particular embodiments described herein provide for a synthetic fuel creation system. The synthetic fuel creation system includes a syngas creation station to create syngas, a crude creation station to create heavy syncrude, and a crude cracking station to convert the heavy syncrude into synthetic fuel. The synthetic fuel creation system can use an electrocatalysis system to create the syngas and the electrocatalysis system can include an anode, a cathode, oxygen evolution reaction catalysts, hydrogen/carbon monoxide evolution reaction catalysts, and an electrolyte, where a pH of the electrolyte is acidic during at least a portion of creation of the syngas.

Abstract: A method for preparing a nickel oxide precursor ink comprising: preparing a solvent comprising diols and alcohol amines; adding nickel nitrate into the solvent to form a nickel nitrate containing solution; adding at least one metal acetate into the nickel nitrate containing solution to form a nickel nitrate and metal acetate containing solution; adding water to the nickel nitrate and metal acetate containing solution to form a nickel oxide precursor mixture; heating the nickel oxide precursor mixture to 60 to 75 Celsius; and cooling the nickel oxide precursor mixture to form the nickel oxide precursor ink.

Abstract: A method for solvent-free perovskite deposition. The method comprises loading a lead target and one or more samples adhered to a substrate holder into a deposition chamber, pumping down to a high vacuum pressure, and backfilling the deposition chamber with the vapor of a salt precursor to form a perovskite material.

Abstract: Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells, hybrid solar cell-batteries, and other such devices may include an active layer disposed between two electrodes, the active layer having perovskite material and other material such as mesoporous material, interfacial layers, thin-coat interfacial layers, and combinations thereof. The perovskite material may be photoactive. The perovskite material may be disposed between two or more other materials in the photovoltaic device. Inclusion of these materials in various arrangements within an active layer of a photovoltaic device may improve device performance. Other materials may be included to further improve device performance, such as, for example: additional perovskites, and additional interfacial layers.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, an active layer disposed at least partially between the first and second electrodes, an interfacial layer disposed at least partially between the first and second electrodes, and a non-stoichiometric oxide layer disposed at least partially between and in contact with one of the first or second electrodes and an encapsulant layer. The active layer of the photovoltaic device comprises a photoactive material.

Abstract: A perovskite material that has a perovskite crystal lattice having a formula of CxMyXz, and alkyl polyammonium cations disposed within or at a surface of the perovskite crystal lattice; wherein x, y, and z, are real numbers; C comprises one or more cations selected from the group consisting of Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, ammonium, formamidinium, guanidinium, and ethene tetramine; M comprises one or more metals each selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Fe, Cd, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Hg, Sn, Ge, Ga, Pb, In, Tl, Sb, Bi, Ti, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Zr, and combinations thereof; and X comprises one or more anions each selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, chalcogenides, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing photoactive perovskite materials. The method comprises the steps of: introducing a lead halide and a first solvent to a first vessel and contacting the lead halide with the first solvent to dissolve the lead halide to form a lead halide solution, introducing a Group 1 metal halide a second solvent into a second vessel and contacting the Group 1 metal halide with the second solvent to dissolve the Group 1 metal halide to form a Group 1 metal halide solution, and contacting the lead halide solution with the Group 1 metal halide solution to form a thin-film precursor ink. The method further comprises depositing the thin-film precursor ink onto a substrate, drying the thin-film precursor ink to form a thin film, annealing the thin film; and rinsing the thin film with a salt solution.

Abstract: A method for preparing photoactive perovskite materials. The method comprises the steps of: introducing a lead halide and a first solvent to a first vessel and contacting the lead halide with the first solvent to dissolve the lead halide to form a lead halide solution, introducing a Group 1 metal halide a second solvent into a second vessel and contacting the Group 1 metal halide with the second solvent to dissolve the Group 1 metal halide to form a Group 1 metal halide solution, and contacting the lead halide solution with the Group 1 metal halide solution to form a thin-film precursor ink. The method further comprises depositing the thin-film precursor ink onto a substrate, drying the thin-film precursor ink to form a thin film, annealing the thin film; and rinsing the thin film with a salt solution.

Abstract: A method for producing a perovskite material photovoltaic device, the method comprising: depositing a layer comprising a fullerene or fullerene derivative on a perovskite material; depositing a cross-linking agent on the perovskite material or the layer comprising the fullerene or fullerene derivative, wherein the cross-linking agent comprises a silane, wherein the silane is a halosilyalkane; and depositing one or more polymers on the perovskite material or the layer comprising the fullerene or fullerene derivative.

Abstract: A perovskite material that has a perovskite crystal lattice having a formula of CxMyXz, and alkyl polyammonium cations disposed within or at a surface of the perovskite crystal lattice; wherein x, y, and z, are real numbers; C comprises one or more cations selected from the group consisting of Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, ammonium, formamidinium, guanidinium, and ethene tetramine; M comprises one or more metals each selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Fe, Cd, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Hg, Sn, Ge, Ga, Pb, In, Tl, Sb, Bi, Ti, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Zr, and combinations thereof and X comprises one or more anions each selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, chalcogenides, and combinations thereof.