Abstract: A method for removing moisture from an atmosphere within a freezer using a cryogen for freezing operations includes providing a freezing temperature with the cryogen at the atmosphere, reducing a temperature of the atmosphere with the cryogen for removing moisture in the form of droplets from the atmosphere, collecting the droplets on internal surfaces of the freezer, permitting the droplets to dwell for an amount of time in the atmosphere sufficient to freeze the droplets to become frozen droplets, and removing the frozen droplets from the freezer.

Abstract: An apparatus for stunning an animal with an exhaust gas mixture includes a stunning chamber located at a processing site to contain therein as many an animal selected to be stunned; and a combustion chamber located at the processing site for combusting a mixture to provide therefrom an exhaust gas mixture which includes carbon dioxide for stunning the animal in the stunning chamber. A related method and exhaust gas mixture are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a degassing apparatus having a fluid flow surface positioned within a tank and configured for decreasing the velocity of the fluid flowing through the tank; a cryogen fluid cooling system including the degassing apparatus positioned in fluid communication with a cryogen injector of the system; and a direct cryogen fluid cooling method including flowing fluid containing cryogen into a degassing apparatus for decreasing a velocity of and for removing cryogen gas from the flowing fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed are an in-line direct cryogenic method and system for cooling heated fluid food products, such as sauces. The method includes injecting cryogen directly into the fluid to be cooled while the flow rate of the fluid to be cooled is adjusted in response to downstream temperature measurements and while maintaining the injection rate of the cryogen into the fluid. According to the method the flow of the sauce is adjusted during the flow of the cryogen to achieve process stability, product uniformity and efficient use of the cryogen.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing a temperature of products includes a housing having a chamber within, wherein the chamber has upper and lower regions; a conveyor for transporting the products through the chamber, the conveyor constructed for substantial gas flow to pass through the conveyor without substantially reducing the ability of the conveyor to transport the products; an agitator associated with the conveyor for selective, intermittent contact with the conveyor to displace the conveyor from a plane of travel, thereby displacing the products on the conveyor to substantially prevent the products from adhering to the conveyor and other of the products; a gas circulation device disposed within the chamber to generate circulating gas flow within the chamber; and a shroud disposed within the chamber for coacting with the conveyor to provide an interface between the upper and lower regions, the shroud constructed and arranged to guide the circulating gas flow from the lower region through the conveyor to the upper

Abstract: An apparatus provides pulsed impingement jets to a sub-chamber within an impingement hood of a freezer, and includes a blower having an inlet and an outlet at an interior of the freezer; a duct having a first end in fluid communication with the outlet and a second end opening into the sub-chamber; and a flow valve disposed in the duct proximate the second end opening, the flow valve movable in repetitive open and closed positions for providing repetitive, discrete pulses of the impingement jets from the second end opening of the duct into the sub-chamber.

Abstract: A method of reducing a temperature of at least one item including: transporting the at least one item on a moving substrate within an enclosure, the enclosure including at least one impingement apparatus; providing a coolant to at least one of a high pressure zone or a low pressure zone of the enclosure; circulating the coolant through the high and low pressure zones using a variable-speed gas circulation device of the impingement apparatus; directing impingement jets through openings in at least one impinger of the impingement apparatus toward the moving substrate disposed within the low pressure zone; and intermittently performing an operation on the at least one impingement apparatus during said transporting including: (i) reducing a speed of the variable-speed gas circulation device; (ii) vibrating the at least one impinger; and (iii) increasing the speed of the variable-speed gas circulation device.

Abstract: A method for removing moisture from an atmosphere within a freezer using a cryogen for freezing operations includes providing a freezing temperature with the cryogen at the atmosphere, reducing a temperature of the atmosphere with the cryogen for removing moisture in the form of droplets from the atmosphere, collecting the droplets on internal surfaces of the freezer, permitting the droplets to dwell for an amount of time in the atmosphere sufficient to freeze the droplets to become frozen droplets, and removing the frozen droplets from the freezer.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a liquid-gas entrained cryogen mixture onto a food product includes a first pipe through which is provided a flow of liquid cryogen; a second pipe through which is provided a flow of gaseous cryogen, the second pipe in fluid communication with the first pipe at a mixing region; and a pulsing valve disposed at an interior of the second pipe upstream of the mixing region, the pulsing valve adapted for releasing the gaseous cryogen into the liquid cryogen at select intervals of time to provide a pulsating flow of the liquid-gas entrained cryogen mixture downstream of the mixing region for contacting the food product. A related method is also provided.

Abstract: In a freezer having an internal space therein in which a blower and an impingement plate are disposed and through which a conveyor for a food product passes, an impingement apparatus, includes a hood disposed at the internal space for coacting with the blower and the impingement plate, the hood including a sidewall defining a sub-chamber in which the blower is received; and a pipe having an end opening into the sub-chamber for introducing a pulse of cryogen to the sub-chamber for increasing a pressure in the sub-chamber and contacting the impingement plate. A related method is also provided.

Abstract: A method for calculating a dry ice block necessary to preserve a product during transport, includes calculating a surface area:weight ratio needed for the dry ice block to preserve the product in at least one of a chilled condition and a frozen condition, and forming the dry ice block into a shape having said surface area:weight ratio. A related apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a liquid cryogen with pulsed flow includes a first tank 14 containing liquid cryogen; a second tank 16 containing gaseous cryogen under pressure, the second tank in fluid communication with the first tank and including an outlet; and a pair of valves including a first valve 70 disposed to alternate between interruption and continuance of the fluid communication between the first and second tanks, and a second valve 74 disposed for coaction up to 180° out-of-phase with the first valve to repetitively cycle between pressurizing and releasing pressure of the liquid cryogen for providing discrete pulses of the liquid cryogen from the outlet. A related method is also provided.

Abstract: A reconfigurable freezer includes a housing having an internal space therein, and first and second openings each in communication with the internal space; an infeed assembly and an outfeed assembly, the infeed assembly constructed to be removably mounted to the housing at one of at the first and second openings for being in communication with the internal space, and the outfeed assembly constructed to be removably mounted to another of the first and second openings for being in communication with the internal space, wherein the infeed and outfeed assemblies are interchangeable at the first and second openings; a conveyor belt transiting the internal space from the infeed assembly to the outfeed assembly; and a drum disposed at the internal space for supporting movement of the conveyor belt about the drum between the infeed and outfeed assemblies.

Abstract: A method of energy conversion for a freezer includes providing liquid CO2 at a first pressure and at a first energy state to a first region for providing potential energy; expanding the liquid CO2 to a second pressure less than the first pressure, and to a second energy state less than the first energy state in a second region in fluid communication with the first region for providing kinetic energy for performing mechanical work in the second region; and exhausting the liquid CO2 as a CO2 snow at a third pressure less than the second pressure, and at a third energy state less than the second energy state from a third region in fluid communication with the second region.

Abstract: A reconfigurable freezer includes a housing having an internal space therein, and first and second openings each in communication with said internal space; an infeed assembly and an outfeed assembly, the infeed assembly constructed to be removably mounted to the housing at one of at the first and second openings for being in communication with said internal space, and the outfeed assembly constructed to be removably mounted to another of the first and second openings for being in communication with said internal space, wherein the infeed and outfeed assemblies are interchangeable at the first and second openings; a conveyor belt transiting the internal space from the infeed assembly to the outfeed assembly; and a drum disposed at the internal space for supporting movement of the conveyor belt about the drum between the infeed and outfeed assemblies.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing a temperature of products includes a housing having a chamber within, wherein the chamber has upper and lower regions; a conveyor for transporting the products through the chamber, the conveyor constructed for substantial gas flow to pass through the conveyor without substantially reducing the ability of the conveyor to transport the products; an agitator associated with the conveyor for selective, intermittent contact with the conveyor to displace the conveyor from a plane of travel, thereby displacing the products on the conveyor to substantially prevent the products from adhering to the conveyor and other of the products; a gas circulation device disposed within the chamber to generate circulating gas flow within the chamber; and a shroud disposed within the chamber for coacting with the conveyor to provide an interface between the upper and lower regions, the shroud constructed and arranged to guide the circulating gas flow from the lower region through the conveyor to the upper

Abstract: A reconfigurable freezer includes a housing having an internal space therein, and first and second openings each in communication with said internal space; and an infeed assembly and an outfeed assembly, the infeed assembly constructed to be removably mounted to the housing at one of the first and second openings for being in communication with said internal space, and the outfeed assembly constructed to be removably mounted to another of the first and second openings for being in communication with said internal space, wherein the infeed and outfeed assemblies are interchangeable at the first and second openings.

Abstract: A method of reducing a temperature of at least one item including: transporting the at least one item on a moving substrate within an enclosure, the enclosure including at least one impingement apparatus; providing a coolant to at least one of a high pressure zone or a low pressure zone of the enclosure; circulating the coolant through the high and low pressure zones using a variable-speed gas circulation device of the impingement apparatus; directing impingement jets through openings in at least one impinger of the impingement apparatus toward the moving substrate disposed within the low pressure zone; and intermittently performing an operation on the at least one impingement apparatus during said transporting including: (i) reducing a speed of the variable-speed gas circulation device; (ii) vibrating the at least one impinger; and (iii) increasing the speed of the variable-speed gas circulation device.

Abstract: A freezer having an inlet, an inlet portion having at least one inlet blower, an outlet, an outlet portion having at least one outlet blower, and a conveyor configured to transport products from the inlet to the outlet of the freezer; the inlet blower and the outlet blower configured to circulate gas or a gas and cryogen mixture to impinge onto products transported on the conveyor, wherein at least one of the at least one inlet blower and the at least one outlet blower is configured to be controlled independently of the other to provide no less than a neutral pressure condition at the inlet and outlet portions. A method for controlling gas flow within and minimizing air infiltration into such a freezer by controlling a speed of the inlet blower and the outlet blower independently to provide no less than a neutral pressure condition at the inlet and outlet portions.

Abstract: Provided is a degassing apparatus having a fluid flow surface positioned within a tank and configured for decreasing the velocity of the fluid flowing through the tank; a cryogen fluid cooling system including the degassing apparatus positioned in fluid communication with a cryogen injector of the system; and a direct cryogen fluid cooling method including flowing fluid containing cryogen into a degassing apparatus for decreasing a velocity of and for removing cryogen gas from the flowing fluid.