Abstract: A drive train for a wind-up injection device is described. The drive train includes a torsional energy storage adapted to be loaded or unloaded by a rotatable element, a rotatable user handle, a rotationally driveable expelling mechanism adapted to expel the liquid drug, and a clutch element coupled with the torsional energy storage via the rotatable element and including a ratchet for maintaining the rotatable element at one of a number of discrete angular positions against the torque of the torsional energy storage. The clutch element is adapted to transmit the torque from the user handle to the torsional energy storage, or alternatively from the torsional energy storage to the expelling mechanism. The ratchet is switchable from one position to an adjacent position by a torque transmitted from the user handle to the torsional energy storage. The drive train is adapted to dampen torque peaks visco-elastically and/or visco-frictionally.

Abstract: A button for a drug delivery device with a reduced operating loudness includes a plate-like button body forming a touch surface, wherein the plate-like button body is coupled by an axial supporting member to a noise-generating interface of the drug delivery device and movable into a longitudinal direction of the drug delivery device, wherein the plate-like button body includes a material composite with at least one first component consisting of a first material and at least one second component consisting of a second material different from the first material, wherein the at least one first component and the at least one second component are coupled via at least one coupling plane that is at least sectionwise slanted or perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Further, the disclosure describes a button assembly for a drug delivery device which is shock resistant.

Abstract: A process for the production of a product comprising a carboxylic acid having n+1 carbon atoms which process comprises reacting in the liquid phase at elevated temperature and pressure a composition comprising an alcohol having n carbon atoms and/or a reactive derivative thereof, a halogen and/or a halogen compound promoter, water and carbon monoxide in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a Group VIII noble metal species on a polymeric resin having a functional group selected from nitrogen-containing heterocycles.

Abstract: A process for the production of acetic acid, which process comprises contacting ethane and/or ethylene with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in a fluid bed reactor in the presence of a microspheroidal fluidised particulate solid oxidation catalyst, wherein at least 90% of said catalyst particles are less than 300 microns.

Abstract: A process for the production of acetic acid, which process comprises contacting ethane and/or ethylene with a molecular oxygen-containing gas in a fluid bed reactor in the presence of a microspheroidal fluidised particulate solid oxidation catalyst, wherein at least 90% of said catalyst particles are less than 300 microns.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the selective oxidation of ethane and/or ethylene to acetic acid which composition comprises in combination with oxygen the elements: MOa.Wb.Agc.Ird.Xe.Yf (I) wherein X is the elements Nb and V; Y is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: Cr, Mn, Ta, Ti, B, Al, Ga, In, Pt, Zn, Cd, Bi, Ce, Co, Rh, Cu, Au, Fe, Ru, Os, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zr, Hf, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Tl, U, Re and Pd; a, b, c, d, e and f represent the gram atom ratios of the elements such that 0<a≦1, 0≦b≦1 and a+b=1; 0<(c+d)≦0.1; 0<e≦2; and 0≦f≦2. The catalyst composition may be used in the production of acetic acid and in an integrated process for the production of acetic acid and/or vinyl acetate.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and its use for the oxidation of ethane to ethylene and/or acetic acid and/or for the oxidation of ethylene to acetic acid which comprises in combination with oxygen the elements molybdenum, vanadium, niobium and gold in the absence of palladium according to the empirical formula: MOaWbAucVdNbeYf (I) wherein Y is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: Cr, Mn, Ta, Ti, B, Al, Ga, In, Pt, Zn, Cd, Bi, Ce, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ag, Fe, Ru, Os, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zr, Hf, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Tl, U, Re, Te, La and Pd; a, b, c, d, e and f represent the gram atom ratios of the elements such that: 0<a≦1; 0≦b<1 and a+b=1; 10−5<c≦0.02; 0<d<2; 0<e≦1; and 0≦f≦2.

Abstract: A loaded ion-exchange resin, which resin has been loaded in its shrunken form. Also a process for removing iodide compounds from a liquid carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic acid anhydride obtained from the Group VIII noble metal catalysed, alkyl iodide co-catalysed carbonylation of alcohols and/or their reactive derivatives which process comprises contacting the liquid carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic acid anhydride with a metal loaded ion-exchange resin as described above wherein the metal is one or more of the metals silver, palladium or mercury.

Abstract: A process for recovery rhodium from a solution of rhodium and tar produced in the carbonylation of methanol, methyl acetate dimethyl ester and/or reactive derivatives thereof involves extraction with a combination of water, methyl iodide and methyl acetate in which methyl acetate is at least 20% of the methyl iodide plus methyl acetate.

Abstract: An anhydrous process for the production of acetic acid by the reaction of methanol, and/or dimethyl ether, with a gaseous reactant comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the hydrogen being present in an amount less than 9 mole %, in the presence of a catalyst system comprising at least one noble metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table as catalyst, a halo-compound as co-catalyst and an iodide salt as catalyst stabiliser which process comprises feeding methanol, and/or dimethyl ether, and gaseous reactant to a carbonylation reactor in which there is maintained a liquid reaction composition comprising: (i) methyl acetate in an amount from 1 to 35% w/w, (ii) acetic anhydride in an amount up to 8% w/w, (iii) halo-compound in an amount from 3 to 20% w/w, (iv) Group VIII noble metal catalyst in an amount from 1 to 2000 ppm, (v) sufficient iodide salt to provide from 0.5 to 20% by weight iodine as I.sup.- and (vi) acetic acid comprising the remainder of the composition.

Abstract: A process for the production of a carboxylic acid and/or a carboxylic acid anhydride which process comprises contacting a reaction composition comprising an alcohol and/or a carboxylic acid ester, optionally water, a first hydrocarbyl halide and/or a hydrocarbyl ether reactant and a second hydrocarbyl halide promoter, the first and second hydrocarbyl halides being the same or different, with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising an insoluble imidazole-containing resin supporting a Group VIII metal species.

Abstract: An ion-exchange resin stabilized against shrinkage, the resin being loaded with at least one amphiphilic ion in the absence of sodium cations.Also a process for removing iodide compounds from a liquid carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic acid anhydride obtained from the Group VIII noble metal catalysed, alkyl iodide co-catalysed carbonylation of alcohols and/or their reactive derivatives by contacting the liquid carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic acid anhydride with the ion-exchange resin stabilized against shrinkage as aforesaid, the ion-exchange resin being loaded with one or more of the metals silver, palladium or mercury.

Abstract: A process for the carbonylation of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl alcohol and/or a reactive derivative thereof by contacting a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl alcohol and/or a reactive derivative thereof with carbon monoxide in a liquid reaction composition in a carbonylation reactor in the presence of (a) a rhodium catalyst (b) an alkyl halide, and (c) as promoter, at least one of ruthenium and osmium.

Abstract: A process for the production of acetic acid which comprises reacting carbon monoxide with a carbonylatable reactant comprising greater than 10%, typically from 30 to 100%, by weight dimethyl ether introduced to a reactor in which there is maintained at elevated temperature a liquid reaction composition comprising a Group VIII noble metal catalyst, for example rhodium or iridium, methyl iodide promoter, an optional co-promoter and water at a concentration in the liquid reaction composition of from 1.0 to 10% by weight.

Abstract: In a process for removing iodide compounds from a liquid composition comprising carboxylic acids having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or anhydrides thereof, by passing the liquid composition through a silver, mercury, palladium and/or rhodium-exchanged strong acid cation exchange resin, prior to contacting with the metal-exchanged resin the composition is contacted with a cation exchanger in the acid form to remove at least a portion of the metal ion contaminants in the liquid composition which have been found to displace the silver, mercury, palladium and/or rhodium from the metal-exchanged resin.