Abstract: A transparent tubing is provided comprising a longitudinal axis having a center; an inner circumferential surface defining a fluid pathway therethrough for delivering a first medium having a first index of refraction m; an outer circumferential surface; at least one visual marker; and, at least one integrated lens disposed opposite from the at least one visual marker, the at least one integrated lens configured to direct light from the at least one visual marker for detecting a presence or an absence in the fluid pathway of a second medium having a second index of refraction n2, where n2 is different from the first index of refraction n1. A method of making transparent tubing having at least one integrated lens is also provided.

Abstract: A method and system of photogrammetry. Such a system and method utilize a light detection and ranging system with one or more emitters and a detector array, in simultaneous combination with an imaging camera to generate the 3D reconstruction. By combining multiple photographs and range measurements taken from different directions and locations, a three dimensional representation of the volume/objects is created.