Abstract: A compound is disclosed that has a metal coordination complex structure having at least two ligands coordinated to the metal; wherein the compound has a first substituent R1 at one of the ligands' periphery; wherein a first distance is defined as the distance between the metal and one of the atoms in R1 where that atom is the farthest away from the metal among the atoms in R1; wherein the first distance is also longer than any other atom-to-metal distance between the metal and any other atoms in the compound; and wherein when a sphere having a radius r is defined whose center is at the metal and the radius r is the smallest radius that will allow the sphere to enclose all atoms in the compound that are not part of R1, the first distance is longer than the radius r by at least 2.9 ?.

Abstract: A method for controlling an internal combustion engine based on the amount of un-burned fuel dissolved in the engine oil, and returned into the manifold through the PCV valve as the engine oil temperature rises via adjusting fuel injection into a cylinder from a fuel injector, in a fuel delivery system. The fuel dilution in engine oil and the amount of fuel entering the intake manifold through the PCV valve can be determined based on one or more of oil volume, fuel composition (e.g., ethanol content), oil temperature, engine temperature, engine speed, engine load, engine run time, injected fuel mass, and exhaust gas composition.

Abstract: A method for controlling an internal combustion engine based on the amount of un-burned fuel dissolved in the engine oil, and returned into the manifold through the PCV valve as the engine oil temperature rises via adjusting fuel injection into a cylinder from a fuel injector, in a fuel delivery system. The fuel dilution in engine oil and the amount of fuel entering the intake manifold through the PCV valve can be determined based on one or more of oil volume, fuel composition (e.g., ethanol content), oil temperature, engine temperature, engine speed, engine load, engine run time, injected fuel mass, and exhaust gas composition.

Abstract: An electrode layer for a polymer memory may be implanted to increase the number of defects in the material. As a result, that same material may be utilized for the upper and lower electrodes. In particular, defects may be introduced into a TiOx layer within the electrode to match the work functions of the upper and lower electrodes.

Abstract: By using a plurality of relatively thin stacked diffusion layers interposed between a conductive line and a polymer layer, the diffusion of contaminates into a polymer layer from the conductive line may be reduced. This may reduce part failure during fatigue or disturb testing, for example, in ferroelectric polymer memories.

Abstract: An electrode layer for a polymer memory may be implanted to increase the number of defects in the material. As a result, that same material may be utilized for the upper and lower electrodes. In particular, defects may be introduced into a TiOx layer within the electrode to match the work functions of the upper and lower electrodes.

Abstract: Paper and paperboard materials having enhanced biodegradability are produced by treatment of substrates with aqueous chemical solutions having properties which increase the decomposition of the substrates so treated. The chemical solutions consist of chemical nutrients which provide a source of alternate electron acceptors to enhance biodegradability through facultative anaerobic decomposition or chemical nutrients which, increase microbial growth on the paper or paperboard thereby enhancing decomposition of the paper or paperboard. The chemical solutions are absorbed and retained in the substrate or incorporated directly into a slurry of fibrous based material and formed into a paper product using paper making apparatus. In both instances, the methods enhance the biodegradability of the paper or paperboard so treated.