Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing electrical or electronic components or circuits on a flexible, flat or three-dimensional substrate via the application of a liquid or paste-like starting material for a structured or unstructured electrical or electronic functional layer, and subsequent drying, sintering and/or curing of the starting material on the substrate, wherein the step of drying, sintering and/or curing involves a short surface-application of the coated substrate with radiation in the near-infrared range, with an amplitude maximum in a wavelength range between 800 and 1500 nm and with a power density on the surface of the substrate between 50 kW/m2 and 1000 kW/m2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and its implementation for the rapid calibration of thermoelements, preferably in the temperature range from 700.degree. C. to 1800.degree. C. The calibration apparatus consists of commercially available components, is therefore comparatively very economical, light and portable; the energy consumption is low, because the conventional heating chamber can be eliminated. Errors of the first and second kind associated with the thermoelements to be calibrated are detected.