Abstract: A bone screw is disclosed for attaching a spinal fixing element. The bone screw includes a threaded screw shank that can be fixed in place in a bone and a screw head having a fastening area for fastening a fastening device for the spinal fixing element. The fastening area includes a threaded section for fixing the fastening device in place. The screw head includes a recess differing from a threaded section. The recess has a longitudinal axis and allows for non-sliding accommodation of an extension of the fastening device laterally to the longitudinal axis of the recess. The extension of the fastening device engages the recess, the fastening device is rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the recess, and the threaded section extends in the longitudinal direction of the recess. The threaded section may be a hole and, together with the recess, a stepped hole.

Abstract: A result higher resolution (HR) image of a scene given multiple, observed lower resolution (LR) images of the scene is computed using a Bayesian estimation image reconstruction methodology. The methodology yields the result HR image based on a Likelihood probability function that implements a model for the formation of LR images in the presence of noise. This noise is modeled by a probabilistic, non-Gaussian, robust function. The image reconstruction methodology may be used to enhance the image quality of images or video captured using a low resolution image capture device. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bone screw for attaching a spinal fixing element, with a screw shank with thread that can be fixed in place in a bone, and with a screw head for fastening a fastening device for a spinal fixing element, where the fastening area displays a threaded section for fixing the fastening device in place. For development according to the invention, it is proposed that the screw head display a recess differing from a threaded section, with a longitudinal axis, designed for non-sliding accommodation of an extension of the fastening device laterally to the longitudinal axis of the recess, that the extension engage the recess, where the fastening device is rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the recess, and that the threaded section extend in the longitudinal direction of the recess. The threaded section can be designed as a hole and, together with the recess, as a stepped hole.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bone screw (1) with a screw shank (2) that can be fastened in a bone, particularly a vertebra, and a screw head (3), on which a fastening device (20) can be fastened that can be. swiveled as regards its inclination relative to the screw shank (2) and/or rotated and that displays a receptacle (26) for mounting a connecting rod. To permit swiveling of the fastening device relative to the screw shank over the largest possible angular range, as well as easy and reliable handling, the screw head (3) displays a recess (5), to which a swiveling element (6) that can be located in the recess and at least swiveled and fixed in position relative to the screw shank can be assigned, to which a fastening device (20) can be fastened. The recess (5) can be located on the screw head (3) at the level of the screw shank (2) and designed as a slot that can extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the screw shank (2).