Abstract: Aspects of the invention are drawn to a Raman spectroscopy system that incorporates a tissue probe into a thin sheath that is adapted to fit any flexible or rigid laryngoscope. The Raman probe system can comprise a probe, a laser source, an excitation signal filter, a collection filter, a charge couple device detector, a signal collection system, a housing unit, a computer, a display, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the signal collection system comprises a spectrum collection range of about 200 cm-1 to about 4000 cm.

Abstract: Provided are bench model surgical simulation devices that incorporate capacitance sensing technology. In embodiments, the surgical simulation devices objectively evaluate operator proficiency and improve trainee performance with regard to an underlying surgical procedure. This disclosure further provides for systems and methods of surgical simulation and evaluation of operator proficiency.