Abstract: The ink level sensor of the invention comprises an ink container having a generally cylindrical shield extending downward from its top to define shielded and unshielded compartments within the container. Ink, but not foam, froth or mist, flows under the shield to the shielded compartment. A plurality of conductive rods of differing length extend downwardly into the shielded compartment from the container top. The rods are connected to an impedance network which provides signals representative of the ink level inside the container. A vacuum source can be connected to each compartment to maintain pressure equilibrium in the compartments and to prevent foam, froth or mist from entering the shielded compartment. Alternatively, a return pump is used to force ink into the container such that each compartment can be vented to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Flight time of a stream of ink drops is measured and compared against a set point to determine variations therefrom. Variations due to changes in the ink composition are compensated for by adding or withholding solvent in proportion to the detected change. Changes due to variations in nozzle drive voltage result in the computation and use of a new flight time set point value, if necessary to avoid erroneous corrective action.

Abstract: A microprocessor-based control system for use in ink jet printers periodically measures flow rate of marking fluid, flow time or flight time of marking fluid drops and adjusts the voltage supplied to deflection electrodes-to maintain constant character height notwithstanding changes in the printer operating environment that would otherwise result in undesirable variation in character height. An alternate embodiment uses the flow time, flow rate or flight time information to adjust the charge amplifier gain, rather than the deflection voltage, to achieve the same result.

Abstract: A flow rate control system is disclosed for measurement of ink flow through an ink jet system. The flow rate control system receives an error signal indicative of deviation of flow rate from a set value. The system includes proportional (P), integral (I) and derivative (D) control to generate a control signal based on the magnitude and sign of the error signal. The control signal is used to control the on-time of an ink make-up valve which adds make-up ink to the system as ink is needed to maintain satisfactory operation. In a preferred embodiment, the PID controller has noise reduction capability through the use of clippers and low pass filters. In addition, conditional summation may be employed to minimize "hunting" at low error signal levels.

Abstract: Variations in laser output power are compensated for by increasing the on time of weaker output lasers relative to the more powerful lasers. To avoid nonlinearities where the object to be marked is a moving substrate, the on time pulses which control the lasers are centered about a single time reference point. Additionally, for high printing rates a pre-ionization technique is disclosed which is utilized to enable a laser to fire more quickly than would otherwise be possible. Pre-ionization may be used for every dot to be printed or only when a laser has not been fired during the previous printing "stroke" depending upon the stroke rate.

Abstract: Variations in laser output power are compensated for by increasing the on time of weaker output lasers relative to the more powerful lasers. To avoid nonlinearities where the object to be marked is a moving substrate, the on time pulses which control the lasers are centered about a single time reference point. Additionally, for high printing rates a pre-ionization technique is disclosed which is utilized to enable a laser to fire more quickly than would otherwise be possible. Pre-ionization may be used for every dot to be printed or only when a laser has not been fired during the previous printing "stroke" depending upon the stroke rate.