Abstract: A monitoring device configured to be attached to a body of a subject includes a sensor configured to detect and/or measure physiological information from the subject, and a processor coupled to the sensor that is configured to receive and analyze signals produced by the sensor. The processor is configured to change signal analysis frequency and/or sensor interrogation power in response to detecting a change in subject activity, a change in subject stress level, a change in environmental conditions, a change in time, and/or a change in location of the subject.

Abstract: A wearable device includes a housing, at least one optical emitter supported by the housing, wherein the at least one optical emitter is configured to generate modulated light, at least one optical detector supported by the housing, and a tip removably secured to the housing. The tip includes first and second portions, wherein the first portion directs light along a first path from the at least one optical emitter to a body of a subject wearing the device, and wherein the second portion directs light from the body of the subject to the optical detector along a second path that is different from the first path. The device may also include an analog-to-digital converter, a motion sensor, and a processor. The processor executes a first filter that attenuates sunlight noise and a second filter that attenuates motion artifacts.

Abstract: The methods and apparatuses presented herein determine and/or improve the quality of one or more physiological assessment parameters, e.g., response-recovery rate, based on biometric signal(s) and/or motion signal(s) respectively output by one or more biometric and/or motion sensors. The disclosed methods and apparatuses also estimate a user's stride length based on a motion signal and a determined type of user motion, e.g., walking or running. The speed of the user may then be estimated based on the estimated stride length.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring various physiological and environmental factors, as well as systems and methods for using this information for a plurality of useful purposes, are provided. Real-time, noninvasive health and environmental monitors include a plurality of compact sensors integrated within small, low-profile devices. Physiological and environmental data is collected and wirelessly transmitted into a wireless network, where the data is stored and/or processed. This information is then used to support a variety of useful methods, such as clinical trials, marketing studies, biofeedback, entertainment, and others.

Abstract: A method of generating a data string containing physiological and motion-related information includes sensing physical activity of a subject via at least one motion sensor attached to the subject, sensing physiological information from the subject via at least one photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor attached to the subject, and processing signals from the at least one motion sensor and signals from the at least one PPG sensor into a serial data string of physiological information and motion-related information. A plurality of subject physiological parameters can be extracted from the physiological information, and a plurality of subject physical activity parameters can be extracted from the motion-related information.

Abstract: A method of generating a data string containing physiological and motion-related information includes sensing physical activity of a subject via at least one motion sensor attached to the subject, sensing physiological information from the subject via at least one photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor attached to the subject, and processing signals from the at least one motion sensor and signals from the at least one PPG sensor into a serial data string of physiological information and motion-related information. A plurality of subject physiological parameters can be extracted from the physiological information, and a plurality of subject physical activity parameters can be extracted from the motion-related information.

Abstract: An earbud cover is configured to be removably attached to, and at least partially cover, an audio earbud. The removable earbud cover includes at least one light guide configured to guide light from at least one optical emitter associated with the audio earbud to a region of a body of a subject wearing the audio earbud and/or guide light from the body of the subject to at least one optical detector associated with the audio earbud. The removable earbud cover may include at least one alignment member that facilitates stability of the audio earbud when inserted within an ear of the subject. The removable earbud cover may include at least one lens region, at least one light diffusion region, and/or at least one luminescence region in optical communication with the at least one light guide.

Abstract: A wearable biometric monitoring device is configured to assess the biometric signal quality of one or more sensors associated with the monitoring device, determine how the user should adjust the device to improve the biometric fit, and instruct the user to wear the biometric monitoring device a certain way. Communicating instructions to a user may include instructing the user to execute a testing regimen while wearing the biometric monitoring device. The testing regimen facilitates an estimation of a signal quality that can be used to provide feedback to the user that he/she needs to adjust the device to improve the biometric fit and the biometric signal quality.

Abstract: A monitoring device configured to be attached to the ear of a person includes a base, an earbud housing extending outwardly from the base that is configured to be positioned within an ear of a subject, and a cover surrounding the earbud housing. The base includes a speaker, an optical emitter, and an optical detector. The cover includes light transmissive material that is in optical communication with the optical emitter and the optical detector and serves as a light guide to deliver light from the optical emitter into the ear canal of the subject wearing the device at one or more predetermined locations and to collect light external to the earbud housing and deliver the collected light to the optical detector.

Abstract: A monitoring device includes a housing configured to be attached to a body of a subject. An optical emitter, optical detector, and sensor for measuring motion noise are located within the housing. Light transmissive material is in optical communication with the optical emitter and detector and is configured to deliver light from the optical emitter to one or more locations of the body of the subject and to collect light external to the housing and deliver the collected light to the detector. A signal processor is configured to receive and process signals produced by the optical detector and the motion noise sensor, and to remove noise from the signals produced by the optical detector. The signal processor may generate physiological parameters for the subject such as heart rate, blood flow, blood pressure, VO2max, heart rate variability, respiration rate, and blood gas/analyte level.

Abstract: A monitoring device configured to be attached to a subject includes a sensor configured to detect and/or measure physiological information and a processor coupled to the sensor. The sensor includes at least one optical emitter and at least one optical detector. The processor receives and analyzes signals produced by the sensor, and the processor changes wavelength of light emitted by the at least one optical emitter in response to detecting a change in subject activity. For example, the processor instructs the at least one optical emitter to emit shorter wavelength light in response to detecting an increase in subject activity, and the processor instructs the at least one optical emitter to emit longer wavelength light in response to detecting an decrease in subject activity. Detecting a change in subject activity may include detecting a change in at least one subject vital sign and/or subject motion.

Abstract: A monitoring device configured to be attached to a body of a subject includes a sensor configured to detect and/or measure physiological information from the subject, and a processor coupled to the sensor that is configured to receive and analyze signals produced by the sensor. The processor is configured to change signal analysis frequency and/or sensor interrogation power in response to detecting a change in subject activity, a change in subject stress level, a change in environmental conditions, a change in time, and/or a change in location of the subject.

Abstract: A sensor module configured to be worn by a subject includes a plurality of sensors configured to measure physiological information from the subject and/or environmental exposure information in a vicinity of the subject, a power source coupled to the plurality of sensors, and at least one processor configured to obtain data from the plurality of sensors only at certain time intervals in order to extend a life of the power source. The sensor module also includes a wireless chip configured to communicate data obtained from the plurality of sensors to a telecommunication device. The telecommunication device is configured to communicate the data obtained from the plurality of sensors to a remote database. One or more of the plurality of sensors may be activated and/or deactivated by the telecommunication device.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus includes a housing that is configured to be attached to a body of a subject. The housing includes a sensor region that is configured to contact a selected area of the body of the subject when the housing is attached to the body of the subject. The sensor region is contoured to matingly engage the selected body area. The apparatus includes at least one physiological sensor that is associated with the sensor region and that detects and/or measures physiological information from the subject and/or at least one environmental sensor associated with the sensor region that is configured to detect and/or measure environmental information. The sensor region contour stabilizes the physiological and/or environmental sensor(s) relative to the selected body area such that subject motion does not impact detection and/or measurement efforts of the sensor(s).

Abstract: A method of monitoring at least one physiological property of an organism includes directing energy at a first skin region of the organism and at a second skin region adjacent the first skin region, and detecting an energy response signal from the first skin region and an energy response signal from the second skin region, wherein both energy response signals contain information about blood flow and skin motion. The energy response signals are processed to produce an extracted energy response signal containing cleaner blood flow information. The extracted energy response signal may be compared with a physiological model to assess a physiological condition of the organism.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented for removing motion artifacts from physiological signals produced by a physiological sensor of a wearable device, wherein the physiological sensor includes at least one optical emitter and at least one optical detector. Light emitted by the at least one optical emitter that is scattered by a body of a subject wearing the device is detected, and a physiological information signal therefrom is produced via the at least one optical detector. Light emitted by the at least one optical emitter that is scattered by a light regulating region of the wearable device is detected, and a motion noise information signal is produced via the at least one optical detector. The physiological information signal and the motion noise information signal are processed via at least one processor associated with the wearable device to at least partially remove unwanted motion artifacts from the physiological information signal.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a subject via an earbud module includes positioning the earbud module within an ear of the subject such that a sensor region thereof matingly engages a region of the ear at the intersection of the anti tragus and acoustic meatus and is oriented in a direction away from the ear canal. Physiological information is then detected and/or measured via the optical sensor. The optical sensor includes an optical emitter and an optical detector, and detecting and/or measuring physiological information about the subject includes directing optical energy at the ear region via the optical emitter and detecting optical energy absorbed, scattered, and/or reflected by the ear region via the optical detector. Environmental information in a vicinity of the subject may be monitored via an environmental sensor associated with the earbud module and subject motion may be monitored via a motion sensor associated with the earbud module.

Abstract: A monitoring device includes a housing configured to be attached to a body of a subject. An optical emitter, optical detector, and sensor for measuring motion noise are located within the housing. Light transmissive material is in optical communication with the optical emitter and detector and is configured to deliver light from the optical emitter to one or more locations of the body of the subject and to collect light external to the housing and deliver the collected light to the detector. A signal processor is configured to receive and process signals produced by the optical detector and the motion noise sensor, and to remove noise from the signals produced by the optical detector. The signal processor may generate physiological parameters for the subject such as heart rate, blood flow, blood pressure, VO2max, heart rate variability, respiration rate, and blood gas/analyte level.