Abstract: A system includes a sensor configured at a first position to sense an orientation of an electricity meter. The electricity meter can be configured at a second position. The electricity meter can be configured at a normal orientation to measure delivered energy sent to one or more locations and received energy received from the one or more locations. The electricity meter can be configured at an inverted orientation to identify and measure the delivered energy sent to the one or more locations and the received energy received from the one or more locations. The sensor is configured to identify when the electricity meter is in the normal orientation, and when the electricity meter is in the inverted orientation. A display is configured within the electricity meter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for over current backup protection is provided. The method generates a set of root mean square (rms) values from samples that are taken from the system current. Several rms current values are averaged to generate an estimated rms over current value. The estimated over current value is compared with a predetermined threshold value. If the estimated current is above the predetermined threshold value, a fault protection mechanism, such as opening a circuit breaker, is activated. A generator protection unit having digital signal processing capabilities executes the inventive method to provide protection from over current episodes.

Abstract: A system for monitoring and controlling an electrical distribution network comprises an electrical distribution substation having a local area network (LAN), a feeder subsystem and a gateway. The feeder subsystem is coupled to the substation and receives electrical energy therefrom for distribution to customers, and includes slave devices for performing switching functions. The gateway provides remote access to the slave devices and the LAN.