Abstract: A pyro igniter circuit and a method for testing the same is provided. The pyro igniter circuit includes a supervisory circuit configured to: transmit a test signal having a pulse duration time below an igniter activation pulse time of a pyro igniter disconnect element and/or an ignition control signal, in response to the transmitted test signal, has an amplitude below an igniter activation amplitude of the pyro igniter disconnect element; and receive a diagnostic response signal in response to the transmitted test signal.

Abstract: A power supply system includes: a plurality of battery cells interconnected between a first stack node and a second stack node and providing a first operation voltage to a high-voltage board net; a low-voltage battery interconnected between the second stack node and a low voltage node and outputting a second operation voltage to a low-voltage board net; a step-down converter interconnected between the first stack node and the second stack node and outputting a third operation voltage to the low voltage node to charge the low-voltage battery; an intermediate node dividing the battery cells into first and second subsets of the battery cells and being connected to the low voltage node via a first switching element; and a control unit configured to detect a terminal voltage of the low-voltage battery and to set the first switching element into a conductive state according to the detected terminal voltage.

Abstract: A battery module includes: a plurality of battery cells; a printed circuit board arranged within a short distance to the battery cells; a passive radio frequency identification tag; and a radio frequency receiver on the printed circuit board. The radio frequency identification tag is attached to at least one of the battery cells and is configured to measure a temperature of the at least one battery cell to which it is attached. The radio frequency identification tag is configured to harvest energy supplied by the radio frequency receiver and to wirelessly send temperature signals corresponding to the temperature of the at least one battery cell within an operating range limited to the short distance. The radio frequency receiver is configured to wirelessly supply energy to the radio frequency identification tag and to receive the temperature signal sent by the radio frequency identification tag.

Abstract: A method for connecting a flexible printed circuit (FPC) to a battery module and a cell supervision circuit board (CSCB) is provided. The method includes: providing a coil of a continuous, strip-shaped FPC; unwinding a first section of the FPC from the coil, positioning the first section of the FPC over a first contact portion of the battery module, and welding a conductive structure of the FPC in the first section to the first contact portion of the battery module; unwinding a second section of the FPC from the coil, positioning the second section of the FPC over a contact pad of the CSCB, and welding the conductive structure of the FPC in the second section to the contact pad of the CSCB; and separating the first section and second section of the FPC from the coil of the FPC.

Abstract: A battery module includes: a plurality of battery cells; a printed circuit board arranged within a short distance to the battery cells; a passive radio frequency identification tag; and a radio frequency receiver on the printed circuit board. The radio frequency identification tag is attached to at least one of the battery cells and is configured to measure a temperature of the at least one battery cell to which it is attached. The radio frequency identification tag is configured to harvest energy supplied by the radio frequency receiver and to wirelessly send temperature signals corresponding to the temperature of the at least one battery cell within an operating range limited to the short distance. The radio frequency receiver is configured to wirelessly supply energy to the radio frequency identification tag and to receive the temperature signal sent by the radio frequency identification tag.

Abstract: A battery system for a vehicle includes: a battery module including a plurality of secondary battery cells; a gas sensor; and a housing accommodating the battery module and the gas sensor. At least a portion of an exterior surface of the battery module and/or at least a portion of an interior surface of the housing is covered by a coating. The coating is configured to emit a gaseous species when a temperature exceeds a reference temperature, and the gas sensor is configured to detect the gaseous species.

Abstract: A battery module includes: a plurality of aligned battery cells having differently-oriented surfaces; a cell supervision circuit (CSC) configured to receive signals corresponding to the voltage and/or temperature of at least one of the battery cells; and a flexible interconnector comprising a strip-shaped flexible printed circuit (FPC). The FPC includes a first insulating main surface, a second insulating main surface opposite the first insulating main surface, and a plurality of thermally and/or electrically conducting lines between the first insulating main surface and the second insulating main surface. Each of the conducting lines has a contact portion exposed by a contact aperture in the first insulating main surface and/or in the second insulating main surface and a connecting portion for connection to the CSC, and the flexible interconnector wraps around the battery cells such that the contact portions contact the differently-oriented surfaces of the battery cells.

Abstract: A battery management unit for a battery system with a conductor or a busbar, the battery management unit including a printed circuit board, and a fluxgate current sensor including a magnetic core having a through-hole, at least one excitation winding, at least one compensation winding, and a sensor circuit configured to measure a magnetization of the at least one excitation winding, to generate a driving signal for driving the at least one compensation winding, to generate a current flowing through the at least one compensation winding according to the driving signal, and to generate an output signal corresponding to a magnitude of an electric current flowing through the through-hole of the magnetic core, wherein the magnetic core, the at least one excitation winding, the at least one compensation winding, and the sensor circuit are each integrated into the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A battery module includes: a plurality of aligned battery cells, each of the battery cells including a cell case, a cap assembly on the cell case, a negative cell terminal, and a positive cell terminal; a plurality of busbars over the cap assemblies, each of the busbars electrically connecting the cell terminals of at least two of the battery cells to each other; and a cell supervision circuit carrier configured to accommodate a cell supervision circuit, the cell supervision circuit carrier comprising a connector configured to establish data communication with the cell supervision circuit. The cell supervision circuit carrier electrically connects the cell supervision circuit to the negative cell terminal of one of the battery cells and to the cell cases of at least some of the other battery cells from among the plurality of battery cells.

Abstract: A battery system for a vehicle includes: a battery module including a plurality of secondary battery cells; a gas sensor; and a housing accommodating the battery module and the gas sensor. At least a portion of an exterior surface of the battery module and/or at least a portion of an interior surface of the housing is covered by a coating. The coating is configured to emit a gaseous species when a temperature exceeds a reference temperature, and the gas sensor is configured to detect the gaseous species.

Abstract: A power supply system includes: a plurality of battery cells interconnected between a first stack node and a second stack node and providing a first operation voltage to a high-voltage board net; a low-voltage battery interconnected between the second stack node and a low voltage node and outputting a second operation voltage to a low-voltage board net; a step-down converter interconnected between the first stack node and the second stack node and outputting a third operation voltage to the low voltage node to charge the low-voltage battery; an intermediate node dividing the battery cells into first and second subsets of the battery cells and being connected to the low voltage node via a first switching element; and a control unit configured to detect a terminal voltage of the low-voltage battery and to set the first switching element into a conductive state according to the detected terminal voltage.

Abstract: A battery module includes: a plurality of battery cells; a printed circuit board arranged within a short distance to the battery cells; a passive radio frequency identification tag; and a radio frequency receiver on the printed circuit board. The radio frequency identification tag is attached to at least one of the battery cells and is configured to measure a temperature of the at least one battery cell to which it is attached. The radio frequency identification tag is configured to harvest energy supplied by the radio frequency receiver and to wirelessly send temperature signals corresponding to the temperature of the at least one battery cell within an operating range limited to the short distance. The radio frequency receiver is configured to wirelessly supply energy to the radio frequency identification tag and to receive the temperature signal sent by the radio frequency identification tag.

Abstract: A control unit for a battery system includes a plurality of battery cells is provided. The control unit includes: an input node configured to receive a sensor signal indicative of a state of at least one of the plurality of battery cells; a microcontroller connected to the input node and configured to generate a first control signal based on the sensor signal; and a switch control circuit configured to control a power switch of the battery system by: receiving the sensor signal, the first control signal, and a fault signal indicative of an operational state of the microcontroller; generating a second control signal based on the sensor signal; and transmitting one of the first control signal and the second control signal to an output node of the control unit based on the received fault signal.

Abstract: A dual power supply system with first to third system terminals is disclosed. The dual power supply system includes a first battery cell stack interconnected between first and second stack nodes and providing a first operation voltage and a second battery cell stack interconnected between the second stack node and a third stack node and providing a second operation voltage. The dual power supply system further includes a DC/DC converter with first to third converter nodes and configured to convert a voltage of the first or second battery cell stack. Each of the system terminals is connected to the respective stack node or converter node in parallel. The DC/DC converter can provide redundant power supply and active balancing. The application further relates to a vehicle including the above dual power supply system.

Abstract: A battery system including a plurality of battery cells and at least one electronic unit having a circuit board and a temperature measuring device with at least two infrared temperature sensors arranged on and operatively connected to the circuit board and configured to measure a temperature of a predetermined measurement region on a surface of the battery cells.

Abstract: A control circuit for indirectly limiting a load current which flows through a controllable semiconductor component. The control circuit controls the controllable semiconductor component based upon a measured and/or a calculated load-current-dependent power loss of the semiconductor component. The control circuit can also control the controllable semiconductor component based upon a measured and/or a calculated load-current-dependent component temperature of the controllable semiconductor component. A charging circuit includes a controllable semiconductor component for limiting a load current and has a control circuit in accordance with the invention. A motor vehicle includes an on-board electrical power supply system having a charging circuit in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: A voltage tap element configured to tap off the voltage of a battery cell of a battery unit by an electronics unit, a cell supervisory unit having such voltage tap elements, and a battery unit having such a cell supervisory unit, and methods for producing the cell supervisory unit and the battery unit. The voltage tap element is designed as a clip composed of a first metal, with a first end of the clip having a first contact region which establishes a operative connection to the electronics unit, and a second end of the clip having a second contact region for establishing a connection to the battery cell. In the first contact region, the clip is permanently connected to an intermediate piece which is composed of a second metal which differs from the first metal. The intermediate piece is configured for operative connection to the electronics unit by a solder connection using SMD technology.

Abstract: A battery system including a plurality of battery cells and at least one electronic unit having a circuit board and a temperature measuring device with at least two infrared temperature sensors arranged on and operatively connected to the circuit board and configured to measure a temperature of a predetermined measurement region on a surface of the battery cells.

Abstract: A voltage tap element configured to tap off the voltage of a battery cell of a battery unit by an electronics unit, a cell supervisory unit having such voltage tap elements, and a battery unit having such a cell supervisory unit, and methods for producing the cell supervisory unit and the battery unit. The voltage tap element is designed as a clip composed of a first metal, with a first end of the clip having a first contact region which establishes a operative connection to the electronics unit, and a second end of the clip having a second contact region for establishing a connection to the battery cell. In the first contact region, the clip is permanently connected to an intermediate piece which is composed of a second metal which differs from the first metal. The intermediate piece is configured for operative connection to the electronics unit by a solder connection using SMD technology.

Abstract: A business methodology for optimizing enzyme use rates and enzyme supply and reducing greenhouse gas emissions for an industrial process that employs enzymes as part of the production process by changing the concentration, specific gravity and/or activity of an enzyme prior to, and just-in-time for, the addition of said enzyme to a reactor wherein an enzyme-catalyzed reaction occurs. After collecting data that describes the extent to which enzyme consumption has decreased as a result of the change in concentration, specific gravity and/or activity of said enzymes, the enzyme user can pay to the provider of technology that allows enzyme consumption to decrease, a proportion of the savings.