Abstract: A reference electrode includes a metal body, a lead disposed within the metal body, an insulator disposed between the lead and the metal body, the insulator including a ceramic material, and a porous metal chamber coupled to the metal body, the lead extending into the porous metal chamber. The porous metal chamber is configured to maintain an electrolyte solution within the porous metal chamber to establish a redox couple with the lead.

Abstract: A client system comprises processing circuitry configured to receive, from a user device, a first access request comprising a first instruction to access a protected resource; transmit a token request for an access token to be used for accessing the protected resource; and receive an access token in response to the token request, the access token having a corresponding time to expire. The client system comprises a token storage unit configured to store the access token. The processing circuitry is further configured to receive a rejection message indicating that the access token is not valid for receiving the protected resource; and store, at the token storage unit, an invalidation flag associated with the stored access token, in response to receiving the rejection message.

Abstract: A client system comprises processing circuitry configured to receive, from a user device, a first access request comprising a first instruction to access a protected resource; transmit a token request for an access token to be used for accessing the protected resource; and receive an access token in response to the token request, the access token having a corresponding time to expire. The client system comprises a token storage unit configured to store the access token. The processing circuitry is further configured to receive a rejection message indicating that the access token is not valid for receiving the protected resource; and store, at the token storage unit, an invalidation flag associated with the stored access token, in response to receiving the rejection message.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for managing a secure data item that is jointly accessible by the first user and the second user. In the method a first system receives a data request comprising an instruction to transmit the secure data item to a second system. The first system identifies that the secure data item is jointly accessible by the first user and the second user, and in response transmits an authorisation request to the second user device. The authorisation request comprises a prompt for the second user to authorise the data request. The first system receives a grant message indicative of the second user granting the authorisation request and in response transmits the secure data item to the second system. The secure data item is prevented from being sent to the second system, if the grant message is not received.

Abstract: A reference electrode includes a metal body, a lead disposed within the metal body, an insulator disposed between the lead and the metal body, the insulator including a ceramic material, and a porous metal chamber coupled to the metal body, the lead extending into the porous metal chamber. The porous metal chamber is configured to maintain an electrolyte solution within the porous metal chamber to establish a redox couple with the lead.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for sharing user data associated with a first user. The method comprises receiving, from a second system, a first access message associated with a request for access to the user data stored at a first system. The first access message comprises a second system label indicative of an identifier of the second system. In response to receiving the first access message, the second system label is compared with a plurality of authorised entity labels and a plurality of unauthorised entity labels. In response to identifying that the second system label matches an authorised entity label and that the second system label does not match an unauthorised entity label, a grant message is transmitted indicative that the request for access is granted.

Abstract: A client system comprises processing circuitry configured to receive, from an authorisation system, a first grant token for identifying the client system at the authorisation system, the first grant token having a corresponding time to expire indicative of a time at which the first grant token will not be valid for obtaining a protected resource from a resource system. The client system transmits, to the authorisation system, a refresh request for a second grant token for identifying the client system at the authorisation system, wherein the refresh request is transmitted based on the expiry time of the first grant token; and receives the second grant token at the client system, in response to the refresh request.

Abstract: A client system obtains an access token for accessing a protected resource stored at a resource system. A storage resource of the system stores a plurality of grant method code portions, a plurality of authentication method code portions and a configurable database. The client system comprises processing circuitry configured to receive an access request from a user device. The access request comprises an instruction for the client system to access a protected resource and a request identifier indicative of an authorization system for authorizing access to the protected resource. The client system uses the configurable database and code portions to execute the grant and authentication methods supported by the authorization system. The client system receives the access token from the authorization sever, in response to executing the grant and authentication methods.

Abstract: A client system comprises processing circuitry configured to receive, from a user device, a first access request comprising a first instruction to access a protected resource; transmit a token request for an access token to be used for accessing the protected resource; receive an access token in response to the token request, the access token having a corresponding time to expire indicative of a time at which the access token will not be valid for obtaining the protected resource; and transmit the access token to a resource system and, in response, receive the protected resource. The client system further comprises a token storage unit configured to store the access token.

Abstract: A client system comprises processing circuitry configured to receive, from an authorisation system, a first grant token for identifying the client system at the authorisation system, the first grant token having a corresponding time to expire indicative of a time at which the first grant token will not be valid for obtaining a protected resource from a resource system. The client system transmits, to the authorisation system, a refresh request for a second grant token for identifying the client system at the authorisation system, wherein the refresh request is transmitted based on the expiry time of the first grant token; and receives the second grant token at the client system, in response to the refresh request.

Abstract: A client system obtains an access token for accessing a protected resource stored at a resource system. A storage resource of the system stores a plurality of grant method code portions, a plurality of authentication method code portions and a configurable database. The client system comprises processing circuitry configured to receive an access request from a user device. The access request comprises an instruction for the client system to access a protected resource and a request identifier indicative of an authorization system for authorizing access to the protected resource. The client system uses the configurable database and code portions to execute the grant and authentication methods supported by the authorization system. The client system receives the access token from the authorization sever, in response to executing the grant and authentication methods.

Abstract: A client system comprises processing circuitry configured to receive, from a user device, a first access request comprising a first instruction to access a protected resource; transmit a token request for an access token to be used for accessing the protected resource; and receive an access token in response to the token request, the access token having a corresponding time to expire. The client system comprises a token storage unit configured to store the access token. The processing circuitry is further configured to receive a rejection message indicating that the access token is not valid for receiving the protected resource; and store, at the token storage unit, an invalidation flag associated with the stored access token, in response to receiving the rejection message.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for managing a secure data item that is jointly accessible by the first user and the second user. In the method a first system receives a data request comprising an instruction to transmit the secure data item to a second system. The first system identifies that the secure data item is jointly accessible by the first user and the second user, and in response transmits an authorisation request to the second user device. The authorisation request comprises a prompt for the second user to authorise the data request. The first system receives a grant message indicative of the second user granting the authorisation request and in response transmits the secure data item to the second system. The secure data item is prevented from being sent to the second system, if the grant message is not received.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for sharing user data associated with a first user. The method comprises receiving, from a second system, a first access message associated with a request for access to the user data stored at a first system. The first access message comprises a second system label indicative of an identifier of the second system. In response to receiving the first access message, the second system label is compared with a plurality of authorised entity labels and a plurality of unauthorised entity labels. In response to identifying that the second system label matches an authorised entity label and that the second system label does not match an unauthorised entity label, a grant message is transmitted indicative that the request for access is granted.

Abstract: A retrievable module assembly can be used to install and/or de-install a blowout preventer (BOP) module from a BOP subsea where the BOP comprises one or more corresponding BOP module receivers. The retrievable module assembly typically comprises a frame configured to house and support the subsea BOP module; and a modular storage unit disposed at least partially within the frame. The modular storage unit further comprises a storage area configured to removably accept the subsea BOP module; a rotator configured to attach to and rotate the subsea BOP module, the rotator disposed at least partially within the frame; a rotator mover, slidably mounted in the frame and operatively in communication with the rotator; and a power connector operatively connected to the rotator and rotator mover and configured to interface with a power source.

Abstract: A salt composition for use as a fuel in a nuclear reactor is provided. The salt composition can include carrier salts having mixtures of one or more chloride salts or one or more chloride salts and one or more fluoride salts and fuel salts including one or more chloride salts. The carrier salts can include alkali and/or alkaline earth cations, while the fuel salts can include actinide cations. The salt composition has a lower melting temperature, less corrosive redox properties, and allows proliferation-safe retention of actinides and concurrent removal of some fission products, as compared to other salts employed in molten salt reactors. Optionally, the salt composition can include one or more metal halides for further decreasing the melting point and/or increasing the boiling point of the composition, thereby increasing the range of the liquid phase of the salt composition.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the treatment of fungal infections including compounds containing a pathogen pattern recognition receptor ligand and a ? 1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor are disclosed. In particular, compounds containing a lipopeptide moiety and a formyl peptide receptor ligand can be used in the treatment of fungal infections caused by a fungus of the genus Aspergillus or Candida.

Abstract: A retrievable module assembly can be used to install and/or de-install a blowout preventer (BOP) module from a BOP subsea where the BOP comprises one or more corresponding BOP module receivers. The retrievable module assembly typically comprises a frame configured to house and support the subsea BOP module; and a modular storage unit disposed at least partially within the frame. The modular storage unit further comprises a storage area configured to removably accept the subsea BOP module; a rotator configured to attach to and rotate the subsea BOP module, the rotator disposed at least partially within the frame; a rotator mover, slidably mounted in the frame and operatively in communication with the rotator; and a power connector operatively connected to the rotator and rotator mover and configured to interface with a power source.

Abstract: Methods and systems for three-dimensional imaging through turbulence such as produced by the Earth's atmosphere are described. A first light source may direct an output of pulses to a target through atmospheric turbulence. A first image sensor, for example a time of arrival sensor or focal plane, may receive light from the first light source and may be used to record two-dimensional images or image slices of the target. A second light source may also be used. A second image sensor may receive light reflected from the target. An atmospheric point spread function may be derived or calculated by a means for multiframe blind deconvolution from one or more images of the target received at the second image sensor. The point spread function may be used to deblur or improve the resolution of each of the two-dimensional image slices from the first image sensor. The two-dimensional image slices may be combined to form a three-dimensional image of the target.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses a method of treating an immunoregulatory abnormality in a mammalian patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a compound which is an agonist of the S1P1/Edg1 receptor in an amount effective for treating said immunoregulatory abnormality, wherein said compound possesses a selectivity for the S1P1/Edg1 receptor over the S1PR3/Edg3 receptor, said compound administered in an amount effective for treating said immunoregulatory abnormality. Pharmaceutical compositions are included. The invention also encompasses a method of identifying candidate compounds that are agonists of the S1P1/Edg1 receptor and which possesses a selectivity for the S1P1/Edg1 receptor over the S1PR3/Edg3 receptor.