Abstract: A process for producing silicon-containing materials. Where the silicon-containing materials are produced by thermal decomposition of silicon precursors in the presence of porous particles and silicon is deposited within pores and on a surface of the porous particles. The thermal decomposition of the silicon precursors takes place in the reaction zone of a gas-traversed reactor and the particles are circulated in the reaction zone during the thermal decomposition by using a stirrer which is close-clearance in the heated regions and the stirring mechanism is in close-clearance in accordance with equation 1 W ? ( h ) = u R ( h ) u B ( h ) .

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for battery pack thermal management, such as heating and cooling of individual batteries arranged into battery packs. The methods and systems use thermal control modules, specifically configured to thermally couple to the side wall and the bottom end of each battery in a battery pack. In some examples, a thermal control module comprises a thermal plate and one or two battery engagement components, connected and thermally coupled to the thermal plate. Each battery engagement component comprises a plurality of battery receiving openings. When the batteries are installed into these openings, the side wall and the bottom end of each battery are thermally coupled to the thermal control module. Thermal fluid is circulated through at least the thermal plate to provide cooling or heating to the batteries without any direct contact between the thermal fluid and the batteries.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for producing silicon particles by grinding silicon-containing solids, wherein one or more gases are used, which contain reactive gas at a partial pressure of ?0.3 bar, wherein reactive gases are selected from the group comprising oxygen, ozone, inorganic peroxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds.

Abstract: A granular composition comprising a pesticide, 0.1 to 10 wt % of a nonionic amphiphilic polyalkoxylate, at least 20 wt % of a solid water-soluble anionic dispersant, at least 5 wt % of a sugar, which is a mono- or disaccharide, or a mixture thereof, and a polyvinylpyrrolidone is provided. Methods for the preparation of the granular composition including the steps of (i) providing an aqueous suspension comprising the pesticide, the polyalkoxylate, the dispersant and the sugar, (ii) drying the aqueous suspension, and (iii) granulating the aqueous or dried suspension, and wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone is added in step (i) and/or step (iii) are further provided. Methods for controlling at least one of phytopathogenic fungi, plant growth, attack by insects or mites, and/or for regulating the growth of plants, wherein the composition is allowed to act on the particular pests, their habitat, the undesired or useful plants, and/or the soil are further provided.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator having a permanent magnet coupled to an armature of the electromagnetic actuator is provided. The electromagnetic actuator includes a housing, and an armature assembly arranged within the housing. The armature assembly includes an armature and a permanent magnet coupled to the armature. The armature is movable between a first position and a second position, and the permanent magnet defines an axial magnet thickness and the armature defines an axial armature thickness. A ratio of the axial armature thickness to the axial magnet thickness is greater than approximately three.

Abstract: The object of the invention are methods for the production of silicon particles by grinding silicon-containing solids in a jet mill using a grinding fluid containing water vapor.

Abstract: A powertrain system includes a clutch pedal module, a gear selector module, a powertrain control module, a motor, and a transmission. The clutch pedal is selectively disposed in one of a first clutch position and a second clutch position. The gear shift lever is selectively disposed in one of a plurality of forward gear positions and a reverse gear position. The powertrain control module operates a control logic sequence to convert the input signals to a plurality of transmission output signals. The transmission is an automatic transmission operating in a manual mode having gear selection controlled by the driver.

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for battery pack thermal management, such as heating and cooling of individual batteries arranged into battery packs. The methods and systems use thermal control modules, specifically configured to thermally couple to the side wall and the bottom end of each battery in a battery pack. In some examples, a thermal control module comprises a thermal plate and one or two battery engagement components, connected and thermally coupled to the thermal plate. Each battery engagement component comprises a plurality of battery receiving openings. When the batteries are installed into these openings, the side wall and the bottom end of each battery are thermally coupled to the thermal control module. Thermal fluid is circulated through at least the thermal plate to provide cooling or heating to the batteries without any direct contact between the thermal fluid and the batteries.

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for battery pack thermal management, such as heating and cooling of individual batteries arranged into battery packs. The methods and systems use thermal control modules, specifically configured to thermally couple to the side wall and the bottom end of each battery in a battery pack. In some examples, a thermal control module comprises a thermal plate and one or two battery engagement components, connected and thermally coupled to the thermal plate. Each battery engagement component comprises a plurality of battery receiving openings.

Abstract: A powertrain system includes a clutch pedal module, a gear selector module, a powertrain control module, a motor, and a transmission. The clutch pedal is selectively disposed in one of a first clutch position and a second clutch position. The gear shift lever is selectively disposed in one of a plurality of forward gear positions and a reverse gear position. The powertrain control module operates a control logic sequence to convert the input signals to a plurality of transmission output signals. The transmission is an automatic transmission operating in a manual mode having gear selection controlled by the driver.

Abstract: A camshaft may comprise a main shaft, on which at least two sliding cam pieces are accommodated in a rotationally fixed and axially displaceable manner, wherein the sliding cam pieces each comprise a carrier tube, on which are seated cam groups each comprising at least two cam tracks for valve-control purposes, as well as an adjustment element that can be brought into operative connection with an actuator for axial displacement of the two sliding cam pieces. A method for assembling such a camshaft may involve providing a module body with bearing bridges that receive the camshaft in a rotatable manner, inserting a first sliding cam piece into a first bearing bridge, connecting the first sliding cam piece to the adjustment element, inserting a second sliding cam piece into a second bearing bridge, and connecting the second sliding cam piece to the adjustment element with the aid of an axial adjustment distance of at least one of the sliding cam pieces in the bearing bridges.

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for battery pack thermal management, such as heating and cooling of individual batteries arranged into battery packs. The methods and systems use thermal control modules, specifically configured to thermally couple to the side wall and the bottom end of each battery in a battery pack. In some examples, a thermal control module comprises a thermal plate and one or two battery engagement components, connected and thermally coupled to the thermal plate. Each battery engagement component comprises a plurality of battery receiving openings.

Abstract: Plastic material-comprising surfaces of a substrate are coated with elemental silicon by cold gas spraying by injecting a powder containing silicon into a gas and powder with a high velocity onto the substrate surface, such that the silicon forms a firmly adherent coat on the substrate surface comprising the plastics material. Apparatuses having such silicon-coated surfaces are useful in minimizing contamination of polycrystalline silicon production, processing, packaging, and transport.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for producing silicon particles by grinding silicon-containing solids, wherein one or more gases are used, which contain reactive gas at a partial pressure of ?0.3 bar, wherein reactive gases are selected from the group comprising oxygen, ozone, inorganic peroxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds.

Abstract: Granular polysilicon is fed into a screening plant, divided into two or more fractions by means of one or more screen surfaces, and thereby classified and dedusted wherein a throwing motion of the granular polysilicon in the screening plant removes adhering dust particles from the granular polysilicon, the removed dust particles are taken off from the screening plant by means of a gas flow supplied to the screening plant, and the screening plant is of gas-tight design and supply and takeoff of the gas flow are effected such that the screening plant is at a positive pressure compared to the surroundings.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator having a permanent magnet coupled to an armature of the electromagnetic actuator is provided. The electromagnetic actuator includes a housing, a pole piece arranged within the housing and secured by an end plate, and an armature assembly having an armature and a permanent magnet coupled to the armature. The armature is movable between a first position and a second position. The electromagnetic actuator further includes a wire coil positioned around the armature assembly and arranged within the housing. An actuation position of the armature between the first position and the second position is proportional to a magnitude of current applied to the wire coil.

Abstract: A granular composition comprising a pesticide, 0.1 to 10 wt % of a nonionic amphiphilic polyalkoxylate, at least 20 wt % of a solid water-soluble anionic dispersant, at least 5 wt % of a sugar, which is a mono- or disaccharide, or a mixture thereof, and a polyvinylpyrrolidone is provided. Methods for the preparation of the granular composition including the steps of (i) providing an aqueous suspension comprising the pesticide, the polyalkoxylate, the dispersant and the sugar, (ii) drying the aqueous suspension, and (iii) granulating the aqueous or dried suspension, and wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone is added in step (i) and/or step (iii) are further provided. Methods for controlling at least one of phytopathogenic fungi, plant growth, attack by insects or mites, and/or for regulating the growth of plants, wherein the composition is allowed to act on the particular pests, their habitat, the undesired or useful plants, and/or the soil are further provided.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for controlling a piezoelectric element, for example, for use in a fuel injector, safely and efficiently at higher frequencies without causing damage to the fuel injector due to excessive heating. Methods incorporating features of the present invention can utilize waveform generation, waveform scaling and power amplification to drive a piezoelectric element. In some embodiments, various operating conditions are utilized to determine a scaling value which is compared to a target value to determine the level of scaling to be utilized with a generated waveform.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for controlling a piezoelectric element, for example, for use in a fuel injector, safely and efficiently at higher frequencies without causing damage to the fuel injector due to excessive heating. Methods incorporating features of the present invention can utilize waveform generation, waveform scaling and power amplification to drive a piezoelectric element. In some embodiments, various operating conditions are utilized to determine a scaling value which is compared to a target value to determine the level of scaling to be utilized with a generated waveform.

Abstract: Methods and systems for efficiently utilizing a fuel heating system incorporating an exhaust gas recirculation (“EGR”) stream and an EGR cooling system are disclosed. Waste heat energy in an exhaust gas recirculation stream of an engine system is used to heat the fuel being fed to the combustion chambers of the engine. A conventional EGR cooler can be replaced with a fuel heat exchanger/EGR cooler. Utilizing these components allows fuel heating to be accomplished simultaneously with partial EGR gas cooling by using waste EGR heat. This reduces the heat rejection requirement of the engine coolant and also reduces the electrical power requirements of the fuel heater.