Abstract: The process for the continuous combustion of fluid fuel, for example fuel oil or gas, comprises the flow of several air jets through the opening of a screen, these air jets being arranged in such a manner that a multidimensional layering of mixtures of fuel, recirculated flue gas and air in the axial, radial, and circumferential directions is obtained within a fire tube. In this manner, the amount of noxious combustion products is reduced to values which are lower than the most severe emission limits in the world, namely the Swiss pollution standards.

Abstract: An improved electrode structure, particularly flame-front sensors, spark plugs and the like, wherein the center electrode, the insulating housing therefor, and an outer housing are dimensioned such that a small clearance space is provided between each of the parts; a fluid glue is inserted in the clearance or spacing provided in a fixation zone at one end of the structure by capillary action, so that the device is self-centering and heat sealed and not more than 3 mm in diameter, thus facilitating quick and easy installation in engine cylinder heads and combustion chambers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to improvements in furnaces.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to an improved method and apparatus to control the rate of heat release (ROHR) from a reaction zone confined within a chamber, air and fuel having been introduced into said reaction zone to achieve combustion, plural sensors being utilized one sensor adapted to sense ROHR, another to generate a target value for a desired ROHR within a comparator, still another sensor to determine heat generation and transmit it to the comparator, a control means for controlling ROHR of heat generation and connecting said comparator with said control means to achieve coincidence between a target value and said sensed value.

Abstract: An improved method for fabricating electrode structures, particularly flame-front sensors, spark plugs and the like, wherein the center electrode, the insulating housing therefor, and an outer housing are dimensioned such that a small clearance space is provided between each of the parts; a fluid glue is inserted in the clearance or spacing provided in a fixation zone at one end of the structure by capillary action, so that the device is self-centering and heat sealed and not more than 3 mm in diameter, thus facilitating quick and easy installation in engine cylinder heads and combustion chambers.

Abstract: In order to fabricate and emplace a thermal insulating mat at favorable cost and in order to provide the mat with good thermal insulation properties at a favorable cost, the thermal insulating mat comprises films having sealed chambers which are filled with a filler gas, the thermal conduction coefficient of which is smaller than that of air.

Abstract: A method is proposed for controlling the composition of the charges to be combusted in an internal combustion engine with externally supplied ignition, the charges comprising gas which contains oxygen, and a fuel. In order to automatically adjust the charge composition in at least one operating range, an event caused by the given combustion of the charge is ascertained in at least one combustion chamber in terms of at which crankshaft angle or the like (Y value) a predetermined status of this event is attained during the given charge combustion. The scattering of this Y value is continuously regulated to a set-point scattering value by means of adjusting the charge composition.

Abstract: An ignition device including a hollow central electrode that forms an ignition chamber within the ignition device. The end of the hollow electrode can be shaped to improve the gaseous flow to produce a swirl within the central electrode.

Abstract: What is proposed is an electrical energy generator that uses air pressure from a pressurized source for breathing purposes in an underwater or smoke environment wherein a conduit passes the air pressure to a turbine generator that operates at high speed in response to the flow rate of the pressure drop therethrough for generating an electrical output while the user of the device breathes through a mouthpiece connected via conduit to the generator.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the combustion process of an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder and an ignition device for initiating ignition of a combustible charge, whereby:(1) the moment of ignition of the charge at a position F in the combustion chamber is sensed, the position F being spaced from the ignition device so that the flame front of the flame initiated by the ignition device can only arrive at the position F after a predominant portion of the charge has been burnt;(2) at least the direction of a deviation of the piston moving within the cylinder from a selected piston position K is sensed at the moment of ignition at the position F; and(3) the ignition timing and/or composition of the charge is automatically regulated in accordance with at least the sensed piston deviation to achieve approximate F-K coincidence.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in a four cycle valve-in-head internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber of which has at least one inlet and one outlet valve each of these valves having plate surfaces which are located at least substantially within the geometric cylindrical surface defined by the piston of the engine. On the one hand, the plate of the outlet valve is positioned in a zone spaced only slightly from the piston when it is the top-dead center position and thereby forms a compression surface area for portions of the charge to be compressed. On the other hand, the plate of the inlet valve is disposed in a portion of the cylinder head which defines the primary clearance volume of the combustion chamber together with the opposed piston top.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust valves and a companion piston therefor in a cylinder block is proposed, the piston being provided with several depressions of varying depth and area and interconnected by a guide groove to control flow of the gaseous mixture from one depression to another. A first of the depressions in the piston is located at a distance from the longitudinal axis of the piston and one of the valves has a flat face which is substantially received in the depression. The other depression in the piston also has an axis that is spaced from the longitudinal axis of the piston with the guide groove which communicates with the first depression having a mouth that extends substantially tangentially into said second depression so that the vortex gaseous flow rotates approximately parallel to said piston top about the central longitudinal axis of the second depression toward the end of the compression stroke.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having intake and exhaust valves and a companion piston therefor in a cylinder block is proposed, the piston being provided with several depressions of varying depth and area and interconnected by a guide groove to control flow of the gaseous mixture from one depression to another. A first of the depressions in the piston is located at a distance from the longitudinal axis of the piston and one of the valves has a flat face which is substantially received in the depression. The other depression in the piston also has an axis that is spaced from the longitudinal axis of the piston with the guide groove which communicates with the first depression having a mouth that extends substantially tangentially into said second depression so that the vortex gaseous flow rotates approximately parallel to said piston top about the central longitudinal axis of the second depression toward the end of the compression stroke.

Abstract: An externally ignited four cycle internal combustion engine equipped with an inlet valve and an outlet valve, both valves being positioned on one side of the cylinder. A swirl (or vortex) chamber is provided within the cylinder head, the height of the swirl chamber being substantially less than its maximum diameter. The inlet and outlet valve discs lie substantially in a same plane. A channel-like recess in the cylinder head, which creates a guide channel when the piston is in its upper dead center position, terminates approximately tangentially in the swirl chamber.

Abstract: A spark plug ignited internal combustion engine in which each cylinder is provided with a turbulence chamber in which the exhaust valve is located. The cylinder head and the top of the piston cooperate during the compression stroke to define a guide channel through which combustible gases are introduced in off center manner to the turbulence chamber where a substantially single vortex flow is created. The spark plug is preferably located so that the sparking electrodes are in the turbulence chamber or nearby in the guide channel and are in close proximity to the top of the piston at TDC. In one embodiment, the inlet valve is located in a depression of the cylinder head so configured that, during the initial valve opening, the inflowing gases are constrained to flow toward the center of the combustion chamber, thereby preventing contact with the cylinder walls.

Abstract: An externally ignited four cycle internal combustion engine equipped with an inlet valve and an outlet valve. In one embodiment a swirl (turbulence or vortex) chamber is provided within the cylinder head, the height of the swirl chamber being less than its maximum diameter. An outlet closable by the outlet valve is located in the upper portion of the swirl chamber. A channel-like recess, which creates a guide channel when the piston is in its top dead center position, terminates approximately tangentially in the swirl chamber. The channel-like recess may be formed in the cylinder head, in the top of the piston or partially in both of these members. In another embodiment, a reduced throat area is adapted to introduce the gases from the first inlet valve chamber to an oval secondary chamber adjacent to the outlet valve.

Abstract: An externally ignited four cycle internal combustion engine equipped with an inlet valve and an outlet valve. A swirl (turbulence or vortex) chamber is provided within the cylinder head, the height of the swirl chamber being less than its maximum diameter. An outlet closable by the outlet valve is located in the upper portion of the swirl chamber. A channel-like recess, which creates a guide channel when the piston is in its top dead center position, terminates approximately tangentially in the swirl chamber. The channel-like recess may be formed in the cylinder head, in the top of the piston or partially in both of these members.