Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for measuring component concentration in a liquid containing relatively large particles and relatively small particles. The invention may be utilized for measuring fat and casein concentrations in a dairy product, but is not limited to such use. A polarized light beam is directed through a scattering cell having first and second windows and containing a sample of the liquid. A normal to an exterior surface of the second window of the scattering cell is at or near Brewster's angle with respect to the light beam to reduce or eliminate reflections. A first light detector, positioned at an angle of about 5° to about 45° with respect to the light beam, detects scattered light from a first component of the liquid, such as fat particles. A second light detector, positioned at an angle of about 130° to about 160° with respect to the light beam, detects scattered light from a second component of the liquid, such as casein particles.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for measuring component concentration in a liquid containing relatively large particles and relatively small particles. The invention may be utilized for measuring fat and casein concentrations in a dairy product, but is not limited to such use. A polarized light beam is directed through a scattering cell having first and second windows and containing a sample of the liquid. A normal to an exterior surface of the second window of the scattering cell is at or near Brewster's angle with respect to the light beam to reduce or eliminate reflections. A first light detector, positioned at an angle of about 5° to about 45° with respect to the light beam, detects scattered light from a first component of the liquid, such as fat particles. A second light detector, positioned at an angle of about 130° to about 160° with respect to the light beam, detects scattered light from a second component of the liquid, such as casein particles.

Abstract: The fat content and and undissolved solids content of a milk sample, taken from a milk processing flow, are separately determined. In addition, the total solids content of the milk flow is determnined. Based on the fat, undissolved solids, and total solids content, the amount of protein and/or casein in the flow is determined. In a control portion of the invention, the fat and undissolved solids are controlled dynamically to standard values, whereby the characteristics of the milk flow are adjusted to standard values useable for whole milk, cheese-making and other uses.

Abstract: The fat content and an undissolved solids content of a milk sample, taken from a milk processing flow, are separately determined. In addition, the total solids content of the milk flow is determined. Based on the fat, undissolved solids, and total solids content, the amount of protein and/or casein in the flow is determined. In a control portion of the invention, the fat and undissolved solids are controlled dynamically to standard values, whereby the characteristics of the milk flow are adjusted to standard values useable for whole milk, cheese-making and other uses.