Abstract: Defocus is introduced during sequencing by synthesis by tilt of a flow cell and by variations in flatness of the flow cell. Effects of the defocus are reduced, and base calling quality is improved using techniques relating to dependence of base calling on flow cell tilt. For example, the flow cell surface height is measured throughout the flow cell. A focal height of an imager having a sensor for the sequencing is set, optionally adaptively, one or more times during the sequencing. Each image captured by the sensor is partitioned, e.g., based on differences between focal height and the measured flow cell surface height across areas of the sensor. Filters, e.g., related to defocus correction, are selected based at least in part on the difference between the focal height and the measured flow cell surface height at a particular area of the image being corrected for defocus.

Abstract: Artificial intelligence driven signal enhancement of sequencing images enables enhanced sequencing by synthesis that determines a sequence of bases in genetic material with any one or more of: improved performance, improved accuracy, and/or reduced cost. A training set of images taken at unreduced and reduced power levels used to excite fluorescence during sequencing by synthesis is used to train a neural network to enable the neural network to recover enhanced images, as if taken at the unreduced power level, from unenhanced images taken at the reduced power level.

Abstract: Artificial intelligence driven enhancement of motion blurred sequencing images enables enhanced sequencing that determines a sequence of bases in genetic material with any one or more of: improved performance, improved accuracy, and/or reduced cost. A training set of images taken after unreduced and reduced movement settling times during sequencing is used to train a neural network to enable the neural network to recover enhanced images, as if taken after the unreduced movement settling time, from unenhanced images taken after the reduced movement settling time.