Abstract: A column includes a stack assembly including stacked electrochemical cells and interconnects, a ceramic frame surrounding the stack assembly, a first spring assembly located inside of the ceramic frame over the stack assembly and configured to apply a load to the stack assembly, and including a first rod plate and a first ceramic spring, a second spring assembly located inside of the ceramic frame between first spring assembly and the stack assembly and configured to apply a load to the stack assembly, and including a second rod plate and a second ceramic spring, and a first dome plate located between the first ceramic spring and the second ceramic spring.

Abstract: A column includes a stack assembly including stacked electrochemical cells and interconnects, a ceramic frame surrounding the stack assembly, a first spring assembly located inside of the ceramic frame over the stack assembly and configured to apply a load to the stack assembly, and including a first rod plate and a first ceramic spring, a second spring assembly located inside of the ceramic frame between first spring assembly and the stack assembly and configured to apply a load to the stack assembly, and including a second rod plate and a second ceramic spring, and a first dome plate located between the first ceramic spring and the second ceramic spring.

Abstract: A method includes providing a precursor powder mixture containing lanthanum oxide particles, strontium oxide particles, manganese oxide particles and cobalt oxide particles and calcining the precursor powder mixture, such that a lanthanum strontium manganate-manganese cobalt oxide composite powder containing composite particles including perovskite and spinel phases is formed.

Abstract: A solid oxide electrochemical cell includes a solid oxide electrolyte, a fuel electrode located on a first side of the solid oxide electrolyte, and an air located on a second side of the solid oxide electrolyte. The air electrode includes strontium-rich lanthanum strontium manganite.

Abstract: A cross-flow interconnect and a fuel cell stack including the same, the interconnect including fuel inlets and outlets that extend through the interconnect adjacent to opposing first and second peripheral edges of the interconnect; an air side; and an opposing fuel side. The air side includes an air flow field including air channels that extend in a first direction, from a third peripheral edge of the interconnect to an opposing fourth peripheral edge of the interconnect; and riser seal surfaces disposed on two opposing sides of the air flow field and in which the fuel inlets and outlets are formed. The fuel side includes a fuel flow field including fuel channels that extend in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, between the fuel inlets and outlets; and a perimeter seal surface surrounding the fuel flow field and the fuel inlets and outlets.

Abstract: A method of making an interconnect for an electrochemical cell stack includes providing the interconnect, and creep flattening the interconnect prior to placing the interconnect into the electrochemical cell stack.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell stack includes at least two electrochemical cells that each contain a fuel electrode, an air electrode, and an electrolyte located between the fuel electrode and the air electrode, at least one interconnect located between the at least two electrochemical cells, and a contact layer that electrically connects the at least one interconnect and the fuel electrode of an adjacent one of the at least two electrochemical cells. The contact layer includes first wires that extend in a first direction, the first wires including thinner first wires and thicker first wires, the thicker first wires having a thickness that is larger than a thickness of the thinner first wires, and second wires that extend in a second direction different from the first direction.

Abstract: A method of making an interconnect for an electrochemical cell stack includes providing the interconnect, and creep flattening the interconnect prior to placing the interconnect into the electrochemical cell stack.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a fuel inlet conduit configured to provide a fuel to a fuel inlet of the fuel cell stack, an electrochemical pump separator containing an electrolyte, a cathode, and a carbon monoxide tolerant anode, a fuel exhaust conduit that operatively connects a fuel exhaust outlet of the fuel cell stack to an anode inlet of the electrochemical pump separator, and a product conduit which operatively connects a cathode outlet of the electrochemical pump separator to the fuel inlet conduit.

Abstract: An interconnect includes fuel inlets and outlets that extend through the interconnect at first and second peripheral edges, an air side, and an opposing fuel side. The air side includes an air field including air channels that extend in a first direction, from a third peripheral edge to an opposing fourth peripheral edge, and air side seal surfaces surrounding the first fuel inlet and the first fuel outlet. The fuel side includes a fuel field including fuel channels that extend in the first direction, a fuel inlet manifold configured to fluidly connect the first fuel inlet to first ends of the fuel channels, a fuel outlet manifold configured to fluidly connect the first fuel outlet to second ends of the fuel channels, and a fuel side seal surface extending along the first, second, third, and fourth peripheral edges.

Abstract: An interconnect for an electrochemical stack includes at least one of alternating air channel ribs of different length, seal gutters recessed relative to a perimeter seal surface on a fuel side of the interconnect, or fuel inlet and outlet plenums which extend perpendicular to fuel channels.

Abstract: A fuel cell interconnect includes fuel ribs disposed on a first side of the interconnect and a least partially defining fuel channels, and air ribs disposed on an opposing second side of the interconnect and at least partially defining air channels. The fuel channels include central fuel channels disposed in a central fuel field and peripheral fuel channels disposed in peripheral fuel fields disposed on opposing sides of the central fuel field. The air channels include central air channels disposed in a central air field and peripheral air channels disposed in peripheral air fields disposed on opposing sides of the central air field. At least one of the central fuel channels or the central air channels has at least one of a different cross-sectional area or length than at least one of the respective peripheral fuel channels or the respective peripheral air channels.

Abstract: A method of making an interconnect for an electrochemical cell stack includes providing the interconnect, and creep flattening the interconnect prior to placing the interconnect into the electrochemical cell stack.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes at least one hot box including a fuel cell stack and producing an anode exhaust product, at least one hydrogen pump, at least one product conduit fluidly connecting an anode exhaust product outlet of the hot box to an inlet of the at least one hydrogen pump, a compressed hydrogen product conduit connected to a compressed hydrogen product outlet of the at least one hydrogen pump, and at least one effluent conduit connected to an unpumped effluent outlet of the at least one hydrogen pump. Additional embodiments include a fuel cell system in which the anode exhaust product stream is provided to at least one carbon dioxide pump to generate a compressed carbon dioxide product and an unpumped effluent that may be recycled to the at least one hot box of the fuel cell system. In various embodiments, the fuel cell system may use or recapture essentially all of the hydrogen content and nearly all of the carbon content of the input fuel that is provided to the fuel cell system.

Abstract: A method of operating a solid oxide electrolyzer system includes providing a water inlet stream to at least one solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC), generating a wet hydrogen product stream from the at least one SOEC, providing the wet hydrogen product stream to at least one hydrogen pump, generating a compressed hydrogen product and an unpumped effluent in the at least one hydrogen pump, and recycling at least a portion of the unpumped effluent upstream of the at least one hydrogen pump.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell stack includes a first interconnect, a second interconnect, an electrochemical cell located between the first interconnect and the second interconnect, and a fuel impermeable, hermetically sealed wall contacting opposing surfaces of the first interconnect and the second interconnect. The fuel impermeable, hermetically sealed wall includes a stack of a glass or glass ceramic seal and a gas impermeable layer. The electrochemical cell is laterally offset from ends of the first interconnect and the second interconnect.

Abstract: A method of making an interconnect for an electrochemical cell stack includes providing the interconnect, and creep flattening the interconnect prior to placing the interconnect into the electrochemical cell stack.

Abstract: A cross-flow interconnect and a fuel cell stack including the same, the interconnect including fuel inlets and outlets that extend through the interconnect adjacent to opposing first and second peripheral edges of the interconnect; an air side; and an opposing fuel side. The air side includes an air flow field including air channels that extend in a first direction, from a third peripheral edge of the interconnect to an opposing fourth peripheral edge of the interconnect; and riser seal surfaces disposed on two opposing sides of the air flow field and in which the fuel inlets and outlets are formed. The fuel side includes a fuel flow field including fuel channels that extend in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, between the fuel inlets and outlets; and a perimeter seal surface surrounding the fuel flow field and the fuel inlets and outlets.

Abstract: A cross-flow interconnect and a fuel cell stack including the same, the interconnect including fuel inlets and outlets that extend through the interconnect adjacent to opposing first and second peripheral edges of the interconnect; an air side; and an opposing fuel side. The air side includes an air flow field including air channels that extend in a first direction, from a third peripheral edge of the interconnect to an opposing fourth peripheral edge of the interconnect; and riser seal surfaces disposed on two opposing sides of the air flow field and in which the fuel inlets and outlets are formed. The fuel side includes a fuel flow field including fuel channels that extend in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, between the fuel inlets and outlets; and a perimeter seal surface surrounding the fuel flow field and the fuel inlets and outlets.

Abstract: A fuel cell column includes a stack of alternating fuel cells and interconnects, where the interconnects separate adjacent fuel cells in the stack and contain fuel and air channels which are configured to provide respective fuel and air to the fuel cells. a manifold plate containing a bottom inlet hole and a bottom outlet hole located in a bottom surface of the manifold plate, top outlet holes and top inlet holes formed in opposing sides of a top surface of the manifold plate, outlet channels fluidly connecting the top outlet holes to the bottom inlet hole, and inlet channels fluidly connecting the top inlet holes to the bottom outlet hole, and a mitigation structure configured to reduce stress applied to the stack due to at least one of a shape mismatch or coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the stack and the manifold plate.