Abstract: A system for illuminating a surface has at least one lighting means and a housing. At least one lens is disposed within the housing. The at least one lens is supplied with light rays from the lighting means. The at least one lens for illuminating the surface is exchangeable.

Abstract: An apparatus for compensating for resistance tolerances of a fuse for a circuit, wherein the apparatus is particularly intended for use in a line driver for a communication device and includes a tolerance-affected fuse, a first resistor connected in series with the fuse, and a second resistor connected in parallel with the fuse and the first resistor, where the apparatus has, at a predefined ambient temperature, a resistance that corresponds to a desired total resistance, where the resistance of the second resistor is, depending on a power input into the apparatus in a fault state and/or depending on a predefined tolerance of the resistance of the apparatus, a multiple of that of the first resistor.

Abstract: The invention refers to a backlighting device for a (1) lighting assembly of a vehicle. The backlighting device comprises at least one printed circuit board and at least one light guide body. The light guide body receives the light, emitted by a light source. The printed circuit board blocks and deflects the light emitted by the light source to the light guide body. The printed circuit board has at least one opening to receive the light guide body.

Abstract: A system and a method for industrial communication, employing an adaptive repeater supporting communication between at least two communicating devices using one of two or more predetermined communication protocols at a time instant, are provided. The adaptive repeater includes a communication direction module and a protocol adapter module operably coupled to one another. The communication direction module detects a direction of communication between the communicating devices using physical layer parameters of the communication protocols, and establishes communication there-between, using a sampling clock. The protocol adapter module adapts the communication direction module to the communication protocol in use, by generating the sampling clock.

Abstract: An apparatus for compensating for resistance tolerances of a fuse for a circuit, wherein the apparatus is particularly intended for use in a line driver for a communication device and includes a tolerance-affected fuse, a first resistor connected in series with the fuse, and a second resistor connected in parallel with the fuse and the first resistor, where the apparatus has, at a predefined ambient temperature, a resistance that corresponds to a desired total resistance, where the resistance of the second resistor is, depending on a power input into the apparatus in a fault state and/or depending on a predefined tolerance of the resistance of the apparatus, a multiple of that of the first resistor.

Abstract: A system and a method for industrial communication, employing an adaptive repeater supporting communication between at least two communicating devices using one of two or more predetermined communication protocols at a time instant, are provided. The adaptive repeater includes a communication direction module and a protocol adapter module operably coupled to one another. The communication direction module detects a direction of communication between the communicating devices using physical layer parameters of the communication protocols, and establishes communication there-between, using a sampling clock. The protocol adapter module adapts the communication direction module to the communication protocol in use, by generating the sampling clock.

Abstract: A field device for process instrumentation comprises a measuring and comparison device and a readable storage element. The measuring and comparison device is configured for monitoring an operating characteristic variable for compliance with a predefined range. The readable storage element maintains a state. The storage element state is permanently changed if a value held by the operating characteristic variable goes out of said predefined range. The predefined range is determined in such a manner that, as a result of a changed state of the storage element, a loss of suitability of the field device for special operation with an operating characteristic variable with restricted specifications, but not a loss of suitability for normal operation with an operating characteristic variable with less restricted specifications, is indicated.

Abstract: A field device for process instrumentation comprises a measuring and comparison device and a readable storage element. The measuring and comparison device is configured for monitoring an operating characteristic variable for compliance with a predefined range The readable storage element maintains a state. The storage element state is permanently changed if a value held by the operating characteristic variable goes out of said predefined range. The predefined range is determined in such a manner that, as a result of a changed state of the storage element, a loss of suitability of the field device for special operation with an operating characteristic variable with restricted specifications, but not a loss of suitability for normal operation with an operating characteristic variable with less restricted specifications, is indicated.

Abstract: A field device for process instrumentation, in particular a measuring transducer, comprising an analogue output to which a two-wire line is connectable for transmitting an analogue output signal. The output circuit contains a controller with an actuator connected downstream for the analogue output signal. A monitoring unit monitors whether an actuating signal remains within a predeterminable value range to monitor the output circuit for correctly setting the loop current. If the actuating signal is outside the value range, an indicator signal is output to a computing unit so that suitable measures can be introduced in response to an error state that has thus been identified.

Abstract: A method for accurately acquiring multiple analog input signals that are converted using a plurality of A/D converters into corresponding digital single measured values. A first measurement averaging cycle having a predetermined total number of measuring intervals is predetermined by a higher-order control unit. First and second input signals are acquired by first and second A/D converters in a first and second number of measuring intervals, the second number being smaller than the first number. The first and second input signals are averaged to form first and second measured values, respectively. The first input signal is acquired by the second A/D converter in a third number of measuring intervals as at least one further single measured value.

Abstract: A field device for process instrumentation having an interface for connecting a two-wire cable and for outputting measurement values, wherein the interface comprises a series circuit having a transistor circuit by which the loop current is adjustable as a function of a control signal, a power supply, and a device by which the loop current can be captured as an actual value that is fed by a first feedback coupling to a regulator having integrated behavior. The regulator compares the actual value to a target value, and generates a control signal for the transistor circuit. The actual value is fed by a second feedback coupling to a summation point as a compensation signal for generating an input signal for the transistor circuit as a function of the control signal and the compensation signal to suppress interference coupled into the two-conductor line.

Abstract: A switching device has a housing, an actuator, and at least two metal contact elements. At least one contact element is a common contact point and at least one contact element is a switching contact. The contact elements are electrically contactable from the outside of the housing. The switching device has a snap-action switching mechanism actuated when the actuator is pressed. The snap-action switching mechanism has first and second actuator-elements with a tension spring therebetween. The first actuator-element has first and second ends with one switching contact mounted adjacent the first end and a pivot mount at the second end. The second end also forms the common contact point. The second actuator-element has first and second ends with the first end adapted to be actuated via the actuator and the second end being pivot-mounted on the inner edge of the housing opposite to the common contact.

Abstract: A field device for process instrumentation having an interface for connecting a two-wire cable and for outputting measurement values, wherein the interface comprises a series circuit having a transistor circuit by which the loop current is adjustable as a function of a control signal, a power supply, and a device by which the loop current can be captured as an actual value that is fed by a first feedback coupling to a regulator having integrated behavior. The regulator compares the actual value to a target value, and generates a control signal for the transistor circuit. The actual value is fed by a second feedback coupling to a summation point as a compensation signal for generating an input signal for the transistor circuit as a function of the control signal and the compensation signal to suppress interference coupled into the two-conductor line.

Abstract: A method for securely acquiring multiple analog input signals that are converted using a plurality of A/D converters into corresponding digital single measured values. A first measurement averaging cycle having a predetermined total number of measuring intervals is predetermined by a higher-order control unit. First and second input signals are acquired by first and second A/D converters in a first and second number of measuring intervals, the second number being smaller than the first number. The first and second input signals are averaged to form first and second measured values, respectively. The first input signal is acquired by the second A/D converter in a third number of measuring intervals as at least one further single measured value.

Abstract: A field device having an analog output, i.e., a measuring transducer, for process instrumentation having a 4-20 mA interface as the analog output. For digital-to-analog conversion, a digital value is split into a digital coarse portion and a digital fine portion. Depending on the digital coarse portion, a first analog signal is generated using a pulse width modulator having a downstream mounted low path filter and a signal above the analog output signal, and a second output signal using a pulse width modulator also having a downstream mounted low path filter with a signal below the analog output signal. The analog signals are supplied to a third pulse width modulator controlled with the digital fine portion, where a low-pass filter (TP3) is downstream mounted. As a result, an analog output signal is provided having a high resolution and good dynamic properties. In addition, the field device is provided with a digital-to-analog converter that can be produced having minimal complexity.

Abstract: A field device for process instrumentation, in particular a measuring transducer, comprising an analogue output to which a two-wire line is connectable for transmitting an analogue output signal. The output circuit contains a controller with an actuator connected downstream for the analogue output signal. A monitoring unit monitors whether an actuating signal remains within a predeterminable value range to monitor the output circuit for correctly setting the loop current. If the actuating signal is outside the value range, an indicator signal is output to a computing unit so that suitable measures can be introduced in response to an error state that has thus been identified.

Abstract: A locking push-button switch comprises a plunger that is displaceable relative to a component when a force is applied, wherein a latch interacting with a cardioid cam is arranged between the component and the plunger. A friction brake is assigned to the latch.

Abstract: A lifting/sliding switch, in particular for the pop-up/sliding roof of a motor vehicle, comprising a housing (1), a first actuation element (5) for the sliding movement and a second actuation element (8) for effecting the pop-up movement of the roof, whereby the actuation elements (5, 8), automatically return to their home position due to a resetting arrangement and, respectively act on switch contacts (49, 50) by means of a switch member. The second actuation element (8) is an integral part of the first actuation element (5), whereby both actuation elements (5, 8) are supported in the housing (1) and the switch members are configured as rotary switch members (13, 34).

Abstract: An electric restoring switch is provided with a button (13) that allows actuation about an eccentric axle (14) and has attached to it at least one link (16) transferring the actuation, and is provided with a contact spring (17) that is arranged in a housing (1) supporting connectors (10) and featuring a notched contact tongue (18). To arrive at a switch that manages without complex parts, allows easy assembly, offers a reliable switching feel and, besides, is small in its structure, the link (16) of the button (13) acts on a switching member (20) which is aligned approximately parallel to the direction of actuation (19) of the button (13), is assembled elastically and is pivotable, the pivot (21) of the switching member (20) being situated away from the axle (14) of the button (13), and the switching member (20) carrying a cam (22) that acts on the contact tongue (18) of the contact (17) fitted parallel to the direction of actuation (19) of the button (13).