Abstract: An agricultural machine is disclosed that includes an NIR sensor configured to detect NIR spectra of plant material and output them as raw data, an evaluation unit configured to derive at least one parameter of the plant material in real time from the raw data, and an interface for the data traffic with at least one data processing unit outside of or external to the agricultural machine that is configured to transmit the raw data to the data processing unit.

Abstract: A system and a method are disclosed for providing recommendations for sets of security operations for improving security of documents created or executed within an online document system. A supplier entity may select sets of security operations to be performed for a request provided to a signing entity. The online document system computes an aggregate measure of security for the selected sets of security operations and compares it to a threshold measure of security. If the aggregate measure is less than the threshold measure, the online document system uses a machine-learned model to identify additional sets of security operations that when added, results in an updated aggregate measure of security greater than the threshold. The additional sets of security operations are presented to the supplier entity for inclusion within a security operation workflow in combination with the selected sets of security operations.

Abstract: An ammunition press for manufacturing or reloading ammunition cartridges. The ammunition press includes a slide bearing about which the ram of the ammunition press moves to provide smooth operation of the ammunition press. A configurable spent primer system is provided to enable a user to select how they want to collect spent primers or other debris from the ammunition press. According to a user's preference, the ammunition press can also be customized to provide a cam-over or non-cam-over sensation as the user operates the ammunition press. A light is integrated with the ammunition press for illuminating a shell holder that holds the ammunition shells (sometimes called cases). Components of the ammunition press and associated methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Shaped charges used in wellbore perforating operations may be tested using a stressed rock perforating-charge testing system. The system includes a shaped charge testing chamber. The shaped charge testing chamber may include a loading and ejection piston and a core sample chamber. The core sample chamber is in mechanical communication with the loading and ejection piston and is sized to receive a core sample. The shaped charge testing chamber also includes a core sample stress applicator to apply stress to the core sample. Further, the system includes an ejection mechanism adjacent to the shaped charge testing chamber to provide an ejecting force on the loading and ejection piston.

Abstract: A process for catalytic oxidation of ammonia gas by way of an oxygen-containing gas in a presence of a noble metal-containing catalyst may be employed to give nitrogen monoxide. A temperature of an ammonia/air mixed gas may be optimized in respect of nitrogen monoxide selectivity of the reaction before contact with the catalyst. Examination of catalytic NH3 oxidation according to 4NH3+5O2?4NO+6H2O revealed that an optimum mode of operation of an NH3 burner in an HNO3 plant is not to be achieved by maintenance of a constant gauze temperature of the catalyst gauze by automatic setting of the NH3:air ratio. Rather, there is an optimum temperature for each process condition that should be set not by changing the NH3:air ratio but instead by altering the temperature of the NH3/air mixed gas before contact with the catalyst gauzes.

Abstract: Aspects and features include a system and method for wellbore perforation analysis and design. The system takes into account geomechanical considerations. In some examples the system determines wellbore parameters associated with a wellbore in a formation, calculates a current effective stress value associated with a hole in the formation, and determines a maximum effective stress value and a minimum wellbore pressure value. The system can then produce perforating job parameters to maximize a perforation while maintaining at least the minimum wellbore pressure value. In some examples, the system makes use of a parts database to determine job parameters that can implemented based on available parts.

Abstract: An apparatus and method according to which a perforating gun includes a volume fill body. The volume fill body is positioned in the space between a charge tube and a carrier tube. The fill body occupies at least part, and sometimes all, of the free volume space between the charge tube and carrier tube thereby reducing the free volume space. In certain downhole applications, large free volume space can lead to significant reductions in wellbore pressure, causing dynamic underbalance, which is undesirable. The presence of the volume fill body prevents, or at least reduces, dynamic underbalance and its effects. Also, the volume fill body aligns the charge tube with the carrier tube, further assisting perforation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an embodiment of a perforating gun assembly for use in a wellbore. The perforating gun assembly, in one example includes a carrier gun body. The perforating gun assembly, in this example, further includes a plurality of shaped charges supported within the carrier gun body, wherein each shaped charge may include a case exterior, the case exterior including an outer surface, and an inner surface forming a cavity, a liner located within the cavity, and explosive material located within a gap between the inner surface of the case exterior and the liner. The perforating gun assembly, in this example, may further include one or more momentum traps positioned between one or more adjacent shaped charges.

Abstract: A wellbore system for perforating a subterranean formation including a dissolvable perforating gun that may be wirelessly operated to fire at a predetermined wellbore location and thereafter fragmented and dissolved with wellbore fluids. The perforating gun may take the form of a strip gun with an elongated rod or other charge holder carrying a plurality of exposed perforating charges thereon. The exposed shaped charges may each be equipped with an individual charge cover or filler material disposed over a liner that forms a jet when the shaped charge is detonated. A wiper to facilitate pumping the perforating gun through the wellbore and may include an initiator for detecting a signal or condition indicative of the perforating gun having reached a predetermined location to cause the perforating gun to fire.

Abstract: A downhole tool for perforating a borehole includes a gun body and charges arranged in a helix around the gun body and evenly spaced from both a nearest neighbor along the helix and a nearest neighbor in an adjacent wrap of the helix. Further, placement of the charges is based on a specified diameter of the borehole and specified charge density.

Abstract: Provided are liners for a shaped charge and corresponding methods of use. An example liner comprises a generally conical shape having an apex, an open side, a liner wall comprising a thickness, and an axis extending through the center of the liner from the apex to the center of the open side. The liner comprises a liner height extending in a vertical plane from the center of the open side to the apex, a liner radius extending along a horizontal plane that is perpendicular to the axis at the open side of the liner and that extends from the axis to an outermost edge of the liner wall. The ratio of the liner height to the liner diameter is about 0.90 to about 1.10. The liner wall comprises an apex curvature, a first wall curvature, a second wall curvature, and a third wall curvature.

Abstract: Acid plays an important role in the hydraulic fracturing process, such as removing damage from the cement and formation which can result from perforating operations, thus providing a better path for the fracturing operations that follow. The disclosure relates generally to microencapsulated acid or acid precursor for targeted delivery and dosing of acid at the site of perforation in hydraulic fracturing applications, device and method of use the same. The targeted delivery and dosing of acid at the site of perforation provides the benefit of, including but not limited to, eliminating over acidizing (limiting near wellbore formation damage) and optimizing the removal of perforation residue and formation materials for lowering break-down pressure.

Abstract: Wellbore pressure surge simulation systems, methods to perform pressure surge simulations, and methods to configure pressure surge simulation systems are disclosed. A wellbore pressure surge simulation system includes a core chamber configured to store a core sample of a downhole formation inside the core chamber. The wellbore pressure surge simulation system also includes a fluid chamber that is fluidly connected to the core chamber and having a first compartment that is configured to store a first fluid and a second compartment that is configured to store a second fluid. The wellbore pressure surge simulation system further includes a wellbore chamber positioned adjacent to the core chamber and configured to store the first fluid. The wellbore pressure surge simulation system further includes a flow restrictor configured to restrict fluid flow from the wellbore chamber.

Abstract: Included are methods and systems for oilfield perforating. An example system includes a firing head subassembly; a gun subassembly; and 4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]-dodecane (“TEX”). An example method includes lowering a perforating system into a casing of a wellbore, wherein the perforating system comprises TEX; detonating the TEX; and perforating the casing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method according to which a perforating gun includes a volume fill body. The volume fill body is positioned in the space between a charge tube and a carrier tube. The fill body occupies at least part, and sometimes all, of the free volume space between the charge tube and carrier tube thereby reducing the free volume space. In certain downhole applications, large free volume space can lead to significant reductions in wellbore pressure, causing dynamic underbalance, which is undesirable. The presence of the volume fill body prevents, or at least reduces, dynamic underbalance and its effects. Also, the volume fill body aligns the charge tube with the carrier tube, further assisting perforation.

Abstract: A perforating gun and method according to which a perforating charge of the perforating gun is detonated. Detonating the perforating charge produces shock waves. In some embodiments, detonating the perforating charge also perforates a wellbore proximate a subterranean formation. After detonating the perforating charge, first and second components of a binary energetic of the perforating gun are fragmented by the shock waves, mixed by the shock waves, and activated by the shock waves to increase an internal energy of the perforating gun. In some embodiments, increasing the internal energy of the perforating gun after detonating the perforating charge delays and/or decreases wellbore pressure drawdown.

Abstract: An apparatus and method according to which a perforating gun includes a volume fill body. The volume fill body is positioned in the space between a charge tube and a carrier tube. The fill body occupies at least part, and sometimes all, of the free volume space between the charge tube and carrier tube thereby reducing the free volume space. In certain downhole applications, large free volume space can lead to significant reductions in wellbore pressure, causing dynamic underbalance, which is undesirable. The presence of the volume fill body prevents, or at least reduces, dynamic underbalance and its effects. Also, the volume fill body aligns the charge tube with the carrier tube, further assisting perforation.

Abstract: A process for catalytic oxidation of ammonia gas by way of an oxygen-containing gas in a presence of a noble metal-containing catalyst may be employed to give nitrogen monoxide. A temperature of an ammonia/air mixed gas may be optimized in respect of nitrogen monoxide selectivity of the reaction before contact with the catalyst. Examination of catalytic NH3 oxidation according to 4NH3+5O2?4NO+6H2O revealed that an optimum mode of operation of an NH3 burner in an HNO3 plant is not to be achieved by maintenance of a constant gauze temperature of the catalyst gauze by automatic setting of the NH3: air ratio. Rather, there is an optimum temperature for each process condition that should be set not by changing the NH3: air ratio but instead by altering the temperature of the NH3/air mixed gas before contact with the catalyst gauzes.

Abstract: A connection apparatus for attaching a first truss to a second truss has first and second connection segments, a bolt and an optional spring. The first connection segment has an aperture dimensioned to receive a threaded end and shank of the bolt. The aperture is also dimensioned to prevent the head end of the bolt and the threaded end from passing through. The aperture comprising a recess for receiving the second end of the spring. The first connection segment has a side opening, open to the aperture, dimensioned to receive the shank of the bolt. The first connection segment has a shoulder portion within the aperture dimensioned to closely fit around the shank and prevent the threaded end of the bolt from passing therethrough. The second connection segment for attaching to the second truss has a threaded hole dimensioned to fixably receive the threaded end of the bolt.

Abstract: A method and apparatus according to which a perforating gun includes a first detonation train and a second detonation train. The first detonation train is detonable to perforate a wellbore proximate a subterranean formation. The first detonation train includes a first detonating fuse and a perforating charge ballistically connected to the first detonating fuse. The second detonation train is detonable to increase an internal energy of the perforating gun after detonation of at least a portion of the first detonation train. The second detonation train includes a second detonating fuse ballistically connected to the first detonating fuse. In some embodiments, increasing the internal energy of the perforating gun after detonating the at least a portion of the first detonation train decreases and/or delays pressure drawdown within the wellbore.