Abstract: An oven includes two tungsten-halogen lamp units strategically positioned, so that infra-red radiation generated by the units is emitted into the oven cavity to brown or grill food placed in the cavity. The cavity also includes, in one embodiment, an infra-red-reflective support for reflecting infra-red radiation emitted from the lamp units onto the underside of the food. In another embodiment, the support includes a heat transfer medium for absorbing infra-red radiation from the lamp units to produce heat and convey the heat to the underside of the food for browning. The oven may include a source of microwave energy and the support may have a microwave absorbent coating, which produces heat for browning the underside of the food.

Abstract: Heating apparatus includes a tray having a layer of insulative material disposed in the base thereof and a number of infra-red lamps disposed thereabove. The apparatus is accommodated within a housing having a layer of glass ceramic to form a hotplate. Each end of each lamp is provided with a pinch seal enclosed within a ceramic end cap. To improve substantially dissipation of heat from the pinch seals, first apertures are provided in a hollow bar and second apertures are provided in a base plate below the pinch seals, so as to permit air to flow into the housing via the second apertures, substantially around the pinch seals, and out of the housing via the first apertures.