Abstract: An electric aircraft includes a forward wing and an aft wing both located on a top side of a fuselage and both having an upward dihedral angle. The forward wing has a straight or slightly forward-swept leading edge. The aft wing has a swept leading edge. A plurality of propeller engines are located on a leading-edge side of the forward wing. A single propeller engine may be located on a top side of an aft end of the fuselage; alternatively, a plurality of propeller engines are located on the aft wing on either its leading or trailing edge. The propeller engines are each powered by an electric motor. An unobstructed cargo door is located on a side of the fuselage, aft of the forward wing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a varistor material for a surge arrester with target switching field strength ranging from 250 to 400 V/mm comprising ZnO forming a ZnO phase and Bi expressed as Bi2O3 forming an intergranular bismuth oxide phase, said varistor material further comprising a spinel phase, characterized in that the amount of a pyrochlore phase comprised in the varistor material is such, that the ratio of the pyrochlore phase to the spinel phase is less than 0.15:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a varistor material for a surge arrester with target switching field strength ranging from 250 to 400 V/mm comprising ZnO forming a ZnO phase and Bi expressed as Bi2O3 forming an intergranular bismuth oxide phase, said varistor material further comprising a spinel phase, characterized in that the amount of a pyrochlore phase comprised in the varistor material is such, that the ratio of the pyrochlore phase to the spinel phase is less than 0.15:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nonlinear electrical material with improved microvaristor filler (1?), to devices and electrical apparatuses comprising such nonlinear electrical material and to a production method thereof. According to invention, the filler (1?) comprises larger spherical particles (5) and smaller irregular particles (6) that are arranged interstitially and provide non-point-like and/or multiple contact areas (56, 56a, 56b, 66) owing to their irregular outer shape comprising edges and faces. Embodiments, among other things, relate to: spherical particles (5) being calcinated and broken-up to retain their original shape; irregular, spikly shaped, particles (6) obtained by calcinating or sintering and crushing or fracturing granules or blocks; and addition of a third filler fraction.

Abstract: The manufacturing method for an electroceramic component (1), for example a varistor (1), comprises a laser irradiation of a part (5; 6) of the surface of an electroceramic body (2) before a metallization (3; 4) is applied to the part (5; 6) of the surface. By means of the laser irradiation it is possible to produce a micro-roughness and/or a chemical modification of the surface which permits good adhesion of the metallization, and it is possible to reduce or eliminate areas of unevenness or waviness of that part (5; 6) of the surface of the electroceramic body (2) which is to be metallized. In addition, improved transverse conductivity can be produced, by virtue of which a low contact resistance and a very homogeneous current distribution is achieved, in particular near to the metallization (3; 4). In addition it is possible to remove residues which originate in particular from a sinter support or from the application of a passivation layer.

Abstract: The surrounding body (1) serves to surround the end, a branching or a connecting point of a high-voltage cable. It has an element (3) with a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic line, which serves to control the electric field in the surrounding area. The field control element (3) contains a polymer and a filler embedded in the polymer und containing microvaristors, as well as at least a hollow body section extending along an axis (2) and designed flat, with an axially symmetrical inner surface conductive by deforming the surrounding body (1) to an outer surface of the cable. To ensure good field control in cables, which are operated at high voltages, the inner surface of the hollow body section is designed as a variation of the outer surface of the cable and in such a way that the field control in the surrounding area is achieved by altering the number of microvaristors per surface unit as a result of expansion and/or shrinking of the hollow body section after deforming.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nonlinear electrical material with improved microvaristor filler (1?), to devices and electrical apparatuses comprising such nonlinear electrical material and to a production method thereof. According to invention, the filler (1?) comprises larger spherical particles (5) and smaller irregular particles (6) that are arranged interstitially and provide non-point-like and/or multiple contact areas (56, 56a, 56b, 66) owing to their irregular outer shape comprising edges and faces. Embodiments, among other things, relate to: spherical particles (5) being calcinated and broken-up to retain their original shape; irregular, spikly shaped, particles (6) obtained by calcinating or sintering and crushing or fracturing granules or blocks; and addition of a third filler fraction.

Abstract: The surrounding body (1) serves to surround the end, a branching or a connecting point of a high-voltage cable. It has an element (3) with a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic line, which serves to control the electric field in the surrounding area. The field control element (3) contains a polymer and a filler embedded in the polymer und containing microvaristors, as well as at least a hollow body section extending along an axis (2) and designed flat, with an axially symmetrical inner surface conductive by deforming the surrounding body (1) to an outer surface of the cable. To ensure good field control in cables, which are operated at high voltages, the inner surface of the hollow body section is designed as a variation of the outer surface of the cable and in such a way that the field control in the surrounding area is achieved by altering the number of microvaristors per surface unit as a result of expansion and/or shrinking of the hollow body section after deforming.

Abstract: The manufacturing method for an electroceramic component (1), for example a varistor (1), comprises a laser irradiation of a part (5; 6) of the surface of an electroceramic body (2) before a metallization (3; 4) is applied to the part (5; 6) of the surface. By means of the laser irradiation it is possible to produce a micro-roughness and/or a chemical modification of the surface which permits good adhesion of the metallization, and it is possible to reduce or eliminate areas of unevenness or waviness of that part (5; 6) of the surface of the electroceramic body (2) which is to be metallized. In addition, improved transverse conductivity can be produced, by virtue of which a low contact resistance and a very homogeneous current distribution is achieved, in particular near to the metallization (3; 4). In addition it is possible to remove residues which originate in particular from a sinter support or from the application of a passivation layer.

Abstract: The surge arrester has an arrester housing, two electrical power connections (16, 17) which are routed out of the arrester housing, and at least one varistor, which is arranged in the arrester housing (1, 2), is in the form of a disc and has two contact points which are provided on the end faces. The contact points are each electrically conductively connected to one of the two electrical power connections (16, 17). The varistor contains a non-metallized active part (12) and two elastic contact elements (11, 13) which are pressed against the end faces of the active part (12), forming an electrical contact. The end surfaces (12a, 12b) may be convex or concave instead of being plane-parallel and, if they are in the desired plane-parallel form, form a small angle with respect to one another. The elastic contact elements (11, 13) and the non-metallized end surfaces (12a, 12b) allow good electrical contact in all cases.

Abstract: The method is used to produce a varistor which has a cylindrical resistance body (1) made from a material based on metal oxide, and two electrodes (2, 3) which are each arranged on one of two mutually parallel end faces of the cylindrical resistance body (1). In a first method step, a layer of electrode material is applied to both end faces, as far as their outer boundary (9), which is designed as a sharp edge. In a second method step, a circular ring (4), which is delimited by the outer boundary (9), runs to as far as the end face of the resistance body (1) and has a width of from approx. 10 to 500 &mgr;m, is removed from the electrode, or the resistance body (1) and electrode are beveled (5′) at the outer boundary. The method allows simple and economic manufacture of a varistor.

Abstract: The resistor is designed in the form of a column and has a cylindrical resistor body which is arranged between two planar electrodes, aligned parallel, and is made of a ceramic material. The resistor is preferably a varistor on a metal-oxide base, and is then used as a voltage-limiting element in an overvoltage suppressor. The strength of the ceramic material and the length of the resistor are chosen to be as great as possible. However, the length of the resistor is at most sufficiently large that damage to the ceramic resistor body caused by thermally produced pressure waves is avoided when the resistor is loaded in an electrical field of given magnitude with at least one highly energetic current pulse of defined amplitude, form and duration.

Abstract: The surge arrester has an arrester housing, two electrical power connections (16, 17) which are routed out of the arrester housing, and at least one varistor, which is arranged in the arrester housing (1, 2), is in the form of a disc and has two contact points which are provided on the end faces. The contact points are each electrically conductively connected to one of the two electrical power connections (16, 17).

Abstract: The method is used to produce a varistor which has a cylindrical resistance body (1) made from a material based on metal oxide, and two electrodes (2, 3) which are each arranged on one of two mutually parallel end faces of the cylindrical resistance body (1). In a first method step, a layer of electrode material is applied to both end faces, as far as their outer boundary (9), which is designed as a sharp edge. In a -second method step, a circular ring (4), which is delimited by the outer boundary (9), runs to as far as the end face of the resistance body (1) and has a width of from approx. 10 to 500 &mgr;m, is removed from the electrode, or the resistance body (1) and electrode are beveled (5′) at the outer boundary. The method allows simple and economic manufacture of a varistor.