Abstract: A lead-acid battery has a plurality of individual cells and a plurality of measurement circuits which are mounted on the respective individual cells in a manner integrated in the lead-acid battery. Each measurement circuit is designed to measure a respective individual cell voltage. A method is provided for measuring individual cell voltages of the lead-acid battery having the plurality of measurement circuits integrated in the battery and arranged on the individual cells. In the method, the respective individual cell voltages are measured using the measurement circuits.

Abstract: A plasma jet spark plug for internal combustion engines includes a center electrode, a shot channel defined by insulation material, and a ground electrode concentric with the shot channel. The center electrode has a conical shape and the ground electrode defines an outlet opening of the shot channel at a distal end of the spark plug. The shot channel has a tapered shape that forms an acceleration zone for plasma that is formed near the conical tip of the center electrode as the plasma moves toward the ground electrode.

Abstract: A plasma jet spark plug for internal combustion engines comprises a central electrode, a shot channel defined by insulation material, and a ground electrode concentric with the shot channel. The center electrode has a conical shape and the ground electrode defines an outlet opening of the shot channel at a distal end of the spark plug. The shot channel has a tapered shape that forms an acceleration zone for plasma that is formed near the conical tip of the central electrode as the plasma moves toward the ground electrode.