Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur recovery from a H2S-containing gas stream by catalytic direct oxidation and Claus reaction through two or more serially connected catalytic reactors, wherein a specific control of the oxygen supplement is operated. The control and improvement of the process is obtained by complementing, in each major step of the process, the H2S-containing gas stream by a suitable flow of oxygen, namely before the H2S-containing gas stream enters the Claus furnace, in the first reactor of the process and in the last reactor of the process. Especially in application in a SubDewPoint sulfur recovery process the H2S/SO2 ratio is kept constant also during switch-over of the reactors R1 and R by adding the last auxiliary oxygen containing gas directly upstream the last reactor R so that the H2S/SO2 ratio can follow the signal of the ADA within a few seconds.

Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur recovery from a H2S-containing gas stream by catalytic direct oxidation and Claus reaction through two or more serially connected catalytic reactors, wherein a specific control of the oxygen supplement is operated. The control and improvement of the process is obtained by complementing, in each major step of the process, the H2S-containing gas stream by a suitable flow of oxygen, namely before the H2S-containing gas stream enters the Claus furnace, in the first reactor of the process and in the last reactor of the process. Especially in application in a SubDewPoint sulfur recovery process the H2S/SO2 ratio is kept constant also during switch-over of the reactors R1 and R by adding the last auxiliary oxygen containing gas directly upstream the last reactor R so that the H2S/SO2 ratio can follow the signal of the ADA within a few seconds.

Abstract: The application relates to a process for the removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas stream by catalytic direct oxidation without employing the combustion step of a Claus process. The process is particularly suitable for desulfurization of gas streams that contain hydrogen and allows sulfur recovery efficiency of better than 99%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for extinguishing a smouldering fire in a silo by introducing inert gas into the silo. The inert gas is introduced through a venturi-type nozzle above the stored content in the silo with a slow streaming velocity in such a way that mass ratio of the entrained surrounding gas to the incoming liquid inert gas is between 0.5 and 20. Thus a closed inert gas layer is formed above the smouldering fire.

Abstract: Described is a method for introducing at least one manufactured gas in the area of an oil reservoir for the purpose of enhancing the recovery of the oil reservoir. The gas is at least temporarily introduced in shock waves.

Abstract: A method and a device for injecting a fluid into a layer of rock or earth, such as a crude oil-containing layer of rock or earth, for example, for the tertiary crude oil production by means of a suitable line, wherein the line is introduced into the layer of rock or earth. The line consists of an inner pipe and an outer pipe. The inner pipe is provided with injection nozzles. The injection nozzles are positioned and thus ensure a pressing of the fluid into the surrounding layer of rock or earth via the openings in the outer pipe in a positioned manner. Means which allow for a selective impacting of the individual injection nozzles, are located in the interior of the inner pipe. The fluid is pressed into the surrounding layer of rock or earth in a positioned manner.

Abstract: A method of introducing a propellant gas into the ground is described, wherein a trace gas that can be analysed above the ground or the earth's surface is added to said propellant gas. According to the invention hydrogen is used as the trace gas, whereby the proportion of the trace gas hydrogen in the propellant gas/trace gas mixture is a maximum of 10% by vol., preferably a maximum of 5% by vol.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for injecting a fluid into a crude oil-containing layer of rock or earth by means of a suitable line, wherein the line is introduced into the layer of rock or earth and the fluid is injected for the purpose of an enhanced crude oil production from the crude oil-containing layer of rock or earth.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for injecting a fluid into a crude oil-containing layer of rock or earth by means of a suitable line, wherein the line is introduced into the layer of rock or earth and the fluid is injected for the purpose of an enhanced crude oil production from the crude oil-containing layer of rock or earth.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for extinguishing a smouldering fire in a silo by introducing inert gas into the silo. The inert gas is introduced through a venturi-type nozzle above the stored content in the silo with a slow streaming velocity in such a way that mass ratio of the entrained surrounding gas to the incoming liquid inert gas is between 0.5 and 20. Thus a closed inert gas layer is formed above the smouldering fire.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for extinguishing burning deposited goods situated in a silo, inert gas being introduced into the silo above the burning deposited goods and off gas being extracted above the burning deposited goods from the silo.

Abstract: The invention relates to a burner with a burner head (1) and a gas feed pipe (2) that is located in the burner head (1) and that is surrounded by an ring channel (3) for feed of another gas. In the gas feed pipe (2) and in the ring channel (3), there are means (10, 11) for producing a swirl of the gas flowing through the gas feed pipe (2) and that flowing through the ring channel (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a burner with a burner head (1) and a gas feed pipe (2) that is located in the burner head (1) and that is surrounded by an ring channel (3) for feed of another gas. In the gas feed pipe (2) and in the ring channel (3), there are means (10, 11) for producing a swirl of the gas flowing through the gas feed pipe (2) and that flowing through the ring channel (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor for carrying out reactions having a high enthalpy change containing catalyst particles between cooled dividing walls. According to the invention, the cooled dividing walls are formed by metal plates/metallic components in which hollow or intermediate spaces in the form of channels are provided in the metal plates/components for accommodating and conveying a cooling medium so as to cool the reactor. The reactor can be used for carrying out strongly exothermic catalytic reactions, for example for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of ethylene oxide from a gaseous feedstock—in a cooled exothermic catalytic reaction of ethylene and oxygen from this feed gas in parallel flow-through reaction zones. According to the invention, the reaction zones are limited by cooled dividing walls, and the cooling is achieved by a fluid that flows inside the dividing walls. In addition, the invention relates to a reactor for this purpose with catalyst particles between cooled dividing walls. According to the invention, the cooled dividing walls are formed with the aid of metal plates, and cavities in the form of channels for receiving and for passing through a coolant are arranged for cooling in the metal plates.

Abstract: This invention is a method for the recovery of elemental sulfur from a gas mixture containing H.sub.2 S. The gas mixture is first subjected to desulfurization in a Claus installation which has a thermal part and a catalytic part resulting in the recovery of elemental sulfur. Sulfur compounds still contained in the Claus tail gas are then transformed into H.sub.2 S by means of hydrogenation and, if necessary, by means of hydrolysis and the hydrogenated Claus tail gas is subjected to catalytic direct oxidation of the H.sub.2 S to elemental sulfur. The Claus installation comprises exactly one catalytic stage and the catalytic direct oxidation also takes place in exactly one reactor. Sulfur recovery rates of 99.3% to 99.6% are achieved by the method of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the removal of HCN from gas mixtures that contain at least HCN and sulfur compounds, especially from gas mixtures that are obtained by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, by catalytic decomposition of HCN, as well as a catalyst for the decomposition of HCN. According to the invention, the gas mixture is brought into contact with a catalyst which decomposes the HCN by hydrogenation and/or by hydrolysis and COS that is contained in the gas mixture is decomposed at least partially in this catalyst by hydrolysis. Advantageously, a catalyst that is based on titanium oxide and/or zirconium oxide as a vehicle and that contains chromium oxide as an active component is used. Advantageously, the catalyst is reduced during catalyst production or before use with H.sub.2 and/or a reducing gas at temperatures above the operating temperature of catalytic decomposition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the desulfurization of a crude gas stream containing at least H.sub.2 S in a Claus plant, afterburning of Claus waste gas, and gas washing of the waste gas from the afterburning to remove SO.sub.2, in which SO.sub.2 recovered by the gas washing is recycled to a point before the Claus plant. According to the invention, within the Claus plant, between 60% and 90%, preferably between 67% and 85%, and especially preferably between 67% and 80% of the sulfur contained in the crude gas is separated directly from the crude gas, and between 33% and 10%, preferably between 25% and 10%, and especially preferably between 20% and 15% of the sulfur originally contained in the crude gas is recycled as SO.sub.2. The gas washing to remove SO.sub.2 is advantageously carried out with an absorbing agent having a physical action. A partial stream of the crude gas can be conveyed directly into the afterburning, bypassing the Claus plant.

Abstract: For the thermal conversion of hydrogen sulfide contained in a gaseous stream, the gaseous stream is introduced into a non-catalytic reactor together with sulfur dioxide obtained from a waste gas purification facility arranged downstream of the reactor. If necessary, the sulfur yield can be regulated by feeding additional fuel gas and/or reducing gas and/or process air into the reactor. The thus-produced vapor-phase sulfur is condensed out by cooling and is obtained as a product; the resultant gaseous stream extensively freed of sulfur compounds is discharged and fed into the aforesaid downstream waste gas purification facility.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for performing catalytic reactions with intensive heat of reaction in which a reaction mixture is conducted through a catalyst bed, from which the reaction heat is removed or to which it is fed by indirect heat exchange with a heat exchange medium. The catalyst bed adjoins at least one bed of a catalytically inert material, which also is in indirect heat exchange with the heat exchange medium.