Abstract: Intra-cardiac voltage data display systems display a plurality of data sets derived at least from intra-cardiac voltage data sampled by an electrode. In some embodiments, at least some of the data sets are derived from a portion of the intra-cardiac voltage data that excludes an excludable portion of the intra-cardiac voltage data having a relationship with an occurrence of a particular cardiac event to facilitate identification of the existence of a transmural lesion in tissue adjacent the electrode. In some embodiments, the particular cardiac event is the occurrence of an R wave in the cardiac cycle, and the excludable portion is a V wave in the cardiac cycle.

Abstract: Transducer-based systems can be configured to display a graphical representation of a transducer-based device, the graphical representation including graphical elements corresponding to transducers of the transducer-based device, and also including between graphical elements respectively associated with a set of the transducers and respectively associated with a region of space between the transducers of the transducer-based device. Selection of a between graphical element can cause activation of the set of transducers associated with the selected between graphical element. Selection of a plurality of between graphical elements and graphical elements can cause visual display of a corresponding activation path in the graphical representation. Visual characteristics of graphical elements and between graphical elements can change based on an activation-status of the corresponding transducers.

Abstract: In an electronically commutated DC motor having a stator unit (5) and a rotor unit (1) which is in the form of an external rotor, and having stationary sintered bearings (8, 9), the invention proposes that the rotor unit (1) is conductively connected to the shaft (3) in order to connect a conductive shielding, which is formed on the rotor unit (1), to a defined electrical potential, and that the sintered bearing (8, 9) is conductively connected to the potential, so that the shielding of the rotor unit (1) is capacitively coupled to the potential by means of the electrically insulating, oil-filled bearing gap which is arranged between the shaft (3) and the sintered bearing (8, 9). Therefore, a sliding contact is not required.

Abstract: A method for modelling geomechanical effects in the subsurface by conditioning geomechanical model parameters to time-lapse observations. The model is driven by displacement boundary conditions derived from observed time-lapse travel time shift and time strain. The displacements at the boundaries of the model are extracted from time-lapse data, converted from travel time shift to depth shift and lateral shifts if necessary, and applied as displacement increments on the initial geomechanical model. Subsequently, increments of stresses and strains are calculated by the geomechanical simulator, and time-lapse related parameters in the interior of the model are compared with the time-lapse observations. This enables a comprehensive study of mismatch between simulations and observations that can be used to update material properties, faults, fractures and the rock strain-velocity change relationship (R factor).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and techniques are provided for acquiring fuel cell polarization data, obtaining fuel cell polarization parameters from the fuel cell polarization data, and validating the reliability of the obtained data and parameters. In some aspects methods for acquiring and parameterizing proton exchange membrane fuel cell polarization data include measuring at least one current-voltage point for an operating fuel cell, and determining at least one polarization parameter of the fuel cell by evaluating a closed form solution using the at least one current-voltage point.

Abstract: A graphical path, which may illustrate a proposed transducer-activation path, may be defined in accordance with first user input, which places a first user input element in an activated state, motion-based user input, and second user input, which places the first user input element in a deactivated state. The graphical path may be displayed as including transducer graphical elements, between-transducer graphical elements, or both, and may be displayed among at least one graphical representation of intra-cardiac information. Activation of transducers corresponding to transducer graphical elements included in the graphical path may be initiated during or after completion of the definition of the graphical path. Such activation may include the transmission of energy sufficient for tissue ablation along an ablation path corresponding to the graphical path.

Abstract: A position-measuring device includes a scale and a scanning unit movable relative thereto. The scale has a measuring graduation, a reference mark and area markings located on a first and on a second side of the reference mark which are configured to exert different deflection effects on a scanning beam incident thereon. An area signal detector is configured to detect, during optical scanning of the area markings, a fringe pattern in a detection plane of the area signal detector. A periodic screen grating is disposed between the scale and the area signal detector and is configured to produce the fringe pattern in the detection plane of the area signal detector such that at least two distinguishable scanning signals are generatable from the fringe pattern as a function of a position of the scanning unit relative to the reference mark.

Abstract: A position-measuring device includes a cylindrical object rotatable about a longitudinal axis and having a circumferential annular reflection measuring graduation. A stationary scanning unit is disposed opposite the cylindrical object and has a light source, a transmission grating and a detector. The scanning unit is configured to optically scan the reflection measuring graduation by beams of light emitted from the light source passing through the transmission grating and then striking the reflection measuring graduation, from where the beams of light are reflected back toward the detector, which is configured to generate rotation-dependent position signals. An optically effective perpendicular distance between the detector and the reflection measuring graduation is selected to be one of greater or less than an optically effective perpendicular distance between the transmission grating and the reflection measuring graduation depending on a radius of the cylindrical object.

Abstract: A device for interferential distance measurement that includes a light source that emits a light beam along a propagation direction and a scanning plate including a splitter that splits the light beam into a measurement beam and a reference beam. The device further including a reflector disposed spaced-apart in a direction of the propagation direction and a detector element. The measurement beam and the reference beam are propagated from the splitter along different optical paths toward the reflector, where a back reflection of the measurement beam and the reference beam occurs at the reflector toward the scanning plate. In addition, at a combining location the measurement beam and the reference beam attain interfering superposition, and wherein the measurement beam and the reference beam interfering at the combining location are detected by the detector element so that the detector element generates a distance signal regarding a distance between the scanning plate and the reflector.

Abstract: In an electronically commutated DC motor having a stator unit (5) and a rotor unit (1) which is in the form of an external rotor, and having stationary sintered bearings (8, 9), the invention proposes that the rotor unit (1) is conductively connected to the shaft (3) in order to connect a conductive shielding, which is formed on the rotor unit (1), to a defined electrical potential, and that the sintered bearing (8, 9) is conductively connected to the potential, so that the shielding of the rotor unit (1) is capacitively coupled to the potential by means of the electrically insulating, oil-filled bearing gap which is arranged between the shaft (3) and the sintered bearing (8, 9). Therefore, a sliding contact is not required.

Abstract: A position-measuring device includes a scale and a scanning unit movable relative thereto. The scale has a measuring graduation, a reference mark and area markings located on a first and on a second side of the reference mark which are configured to exert different deflection effects on a scanning beam incident thereon. An area signal detector is configured to detect, during optical scanning of the area markings, a fringe pattern in a detection plane of the area signal detector. A periodic screen grating is disposed between the scale and the area signal detector and is configured to produce the fringe pattern in the detection plane of the area signal detector such that at least two distinguishable scanning signals are generatable from the fringe pattern as a function of a position of the scanning unit relative to the reference mark.

Abstract: An optical position-measuring device for detecting the relative position of two objects includes a measuring standard connected to one object, and a scanning unit connected to the other object and including a light source, one or more grating(s), and a detector system. The detector system includes a plurality of detector element groups arranged in a detection plane, via which a plurality of position-dependent, phase-shifted scanning signals is able to be generated by scanning a periodic fringe pattern that results in the detection plane, the detector elements that have in-phase scanning signals forming a group in each case. The sum of the areas and the centroid of the detector elements of a group is identical to the sum of the areas and the centroid, respectively, of the detector elements of each other group. Periodic diaphragm structures are arranged in front of the light-sensitive areas of the detector elements.

Abstract: An optical position-measuring device includes a measuring standard and a scanning unit. The measuring standard includes an incremental graduation and at least one reference marking at a reference position. The reference marking has two reference-marking subfields disposed in mirror symmetry relative to a reference-marking axis of symmetry, each of the subfields including a grating structure having a locally changeable graduation period. The scanning unit includes a divergently emitting light source, one or more gratings, and a reference-signal detector system. The reference-signal detector system has at least four detector arrays formed and positioned such that, from the scanning of the reference marking via the reference-signal detector system, first and second pairs of partial reference signals result, in each case having a signal pattern in phase opposition. The first pair of partial reference signals is offset by an offset amount relative to the second pair of partial reference signals.

Abstract: An optical position-measuring device includes a scanning bar extending in a first or second direction, and a scale extending in the other direction. The scale is offset by a scanning distance from the scanning bar in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. The device has a light source whose light penetrates the scanning bar at an intersection point of the scanning bar and scale to fall on the scale and arrive back at the scanning bar. At a detector, the light is split by diffraction into different partial beams at optically effective structures of the scanning bar and scale and combined again. A periodic signal is obtained in the detector in response to: a shift between the scanning bar and scale in the first direction due to interference of combined partial beams, and a change in the scanning distance between the scanning bar and scale.

Abstract: An optical position-measuring device for detecting the position of two objects movable relative to each other in at least one measuring direction includes a measuring standard which is joined to one of the two objects and possesses an incremental graduation extending in the measuring direction, as well as at least one reference marking at a reference position. The reference marking includes two reference-marking subfields disposed in mirror symmetry with respect to a reference-marking axis of symmetry, each of the subfields being made up of a structure extending in the measuring direction and having a locally changeable graduation period. In addition, the position-measuring device has a scanning unit which is joined to the other of the two objects and to which a scanning device is assigned that is used to generate at least one reference signal at the reference position.

Abstract: A position-measuring device includes a cylindrical object rotatable about a longitudinal axis and having a circumferential annular reflection measuring graduation. A stationary scanning unit is disposed opposite the cylindrical object and has a light source, a transmission grating and a detector. The scanning unit is configured to optically scan the reflection measuring graduation by beams of light emitted from the light source passing through the transmission grating and then striking the reflection measuring graduation, from where the beams of light are reflected back toward the detector, which is configured to generate rotation-dependent position signals. An optically effective perpendicular distance between the detector and the reflection measuring graduation is selected to be one of greater or less than an optically effective perpendicular distance between the transmission grating and the reflection measuring graduation depending on a radius of the cylindrical object.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sun collector comprising a flat absorber body (1) on or in which one or more absorber channels (17) for the flow of a heat transfer medium are configured. In areas which are not occupied by the one or more absorber channels (17), the absorber body (1) of the present sun collector has penetrable openings (4, 10, 13) for sunlight to pass through. The sun collector therefore provides the double function of a sun collector with a partially transparent sun protection device.

Abstract: Transducer-based systems can be configured to display a graphical representation of a transducer-based device, the graphical representation including graphical elements corresponding to transducers of the transducer-based device, and also including between graphical elements respectively associated with a set of the transducers and respectively associated with a region of space between the transducers of the transducer-based device. Selection of a between graphical element can cause activation of the set of transducers associated with the selected between graphical element. Selection of a plurality of between graphical elements and graphical elements can cause visual display of a corresponding activation path in the graphical representation. Visual characteristics of graphical elements and between graphical elements can change based on an activation-status of the corresponding transducers.