Abstract: A process and apparatus for the separation of vaporous heavy metal compounds from a carrier gas wherein the heavy metal compounds are cooled and desublimed. An apparatus for carrying out this process has a melting furnace with a discharge opening for a gas/vapor mixture, which leads to a cooling device. Vaporous heavy metal compounds can be separated from a carrier gas on a large industrial scale. In addition, the apparatus for carrying out this process is easy to operate. The gas/vapor mixture is turbulently mixed immediately after the discharge from the furnace in a mixing section with cold air and is thus cooled. During this cooling, the vaporous heavy metal compounds desublime and are filtered as particles in a filter.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the separation of vaporous heavy metal compounds from a carrier gas wherein the heavy metal compounds are cooled and desublimed. An apparatus for carrying out this process has a melting furnace with a discharge opening for a gas/ vapor mixture, which leads to a cooling device.Vaporous heavy metal compounds can be separated from a carrier gas on a large industrial scale. In addition, the apparatus for carrying out this process is easy to operate. The gas/vapor mixture is turbulently mixed immediately after the discharge from the furnace in a mixing section with cold air and is thus cooled. During this cooling, the vaporous heavy metal compounds desublime and are filtered as particles in a filter.

Abstract: In a melting furnace (1), toxic, volatile chemical compounds from introduced filter dust from industrial incineration units are vaporized at about 1300.degree. C. and forced to leave the reaction space. The non-vaporizing residue forms a glassy melt which is discharged continuously or intermittently from the reaction space. Heating of the melt and of the filter dust is affected by resistance heaters in protective ceramic sheaths (4) above the melt (2). In order to prevent corrosion of the resistance heater protection sheaths (4) by exit gases (7) especially in the flow lee thereof, the exit gases are forced, by partitions (10) and an exit gas extraction pipe (9) with an inlet orifice (16) at a low level, to flow below the resistance heater protection sheaths (4) to an exit gas outlet (5).

Abstract: The high-power radiator includes a discharge space (12) bounded by a metal electrode (8), cooled on one side, and a dielectric (9) and filled with a noble gas or gas mixture, both the dielectric (9) and also the other electrode situated on the surface of the dielectric facing away from the discharge space (12) being transparent for the radiation generated by quiet electric discharges. In this manner, a large-area UV radiator with high efficiency is created which can be operated at high electrical power densities of up to 50 kW/m.sup.2 of active electrode surface.

Abstract: In an ozone generator with enamel dielectric, to increase the ozone yield, the latter is built up on at least two enamel layers, the layer (4) facing the discharge space (5) having a smaller dielectric constant (.ltoreq.6) than the layer (3) lying underneath.

Abstract: An apparatus for the removal of residues from the inner wall of a tube carrying hot gases and/or vapors includes a passage extending into a first end of the tube in an axial direction; an axially extending shaft supported within the passage in an axially displaceable manner so that one end of the shaft is within the tube; a discharge opening in the tube through which the residues may be removed; a helically wound metal scraper connected to the one end of the shaft; and a device for driving the shaft such that the scraper is rotated in a manner of a corkscrew into the tube.

Abstract: In the separation and/or reaction of particles, these are heated together with a gaseous carrier medium. Constituents of these particles thus vaporize and form a mixture, while solid constituents remain.A process is to be indicated which enables pollutants adsorbed on the particles to be separated off and/or reacted economically, without an uncontrolled release of residual pollutants to the environment. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also to be provided. This is achieved by mixing the particles and the carrier medium at controlled rates to give a fluidized blend. This blend is heated in a fluidized bed of a heating device in such a way that a mixture is formed. Immediately after the mixture has left the heating device, solid constituents of the mixture are precipitated and the remaining part of the mixture is then passed forward in a closed circulation.

Abstract: The high-power radiator comprises a discharge space (12) bounded by a metal electrode (8), cooled on one side, and a dielectric (9). The discharge space (12) is filled with a noble gas or gas mixture. Both the dielectric (9) and the other electrode situated on the surface of the dielectric (9) facing away from the discharge space (12) are transparent for the radiation generated by quiet electric discharges. In this manner, a large-area UV radiator with high efficiency is created which can be operated at high electrical power densities of up to 50 kW/m.sup.2 of active electrode surface.

Abstract: In the separation of particles, these are heated together with a gaseous carrier medium. Constitutents of these particles thus vaporize, are cooled in a cooler (21) and condense out. An apparatus for carrying out this process comprises a fan (1) and a heating device (7). A continuous process can be used on a large industrial scale. This is achieved when the particles and the carrier medium are mixed continuously and at controlled rates to give a fluidized blend. This blend is heated to a given temperature in a fluidized bed of a heating device (7), with the production of a mixture consisting of a vapor/gas mixture thus formed and of particle constituents remaining in the form of particles. After the mixture has left the heating device (7), the particle constituents remaining in the form of particles are precipitated and a vapor/gas mixture is passed forward in at least one closed circulation.

Abstract: Method and device for agglomerating particles of opposite electrical charge suspended in gas streams, in which two partial gas streams (3) are provided, in which the particles are alternatingly charged with positive and negative ions in a manner such that sequences of particle clouds (7, 8) with alternatingly positive and negative charge are generated locally, and that the two partial gas streams (3) are brought together in a manner such that the particle clouds (7, 8) of opposite charge impinge on each other and the particles of different sign conglomerate into larger particles. Two corona discharge devices consisting of a point (5) and plate (6) are fed by two transformers wired in opposite phase.

Abstract: A method and device for removing solid or liquid particles contained in suspension in a gas stream by an electric field, wherein the gas stream flow is directed past ion sources which simultaneously act as field electrodes. The suspended particles are thereby changed in a bipolar manner, such that approximately half of the particles are positively charged and the other half negatively charged, and are forced by the electric field to migrate across the gas stream into a preferred neutralization zone where they are concentrated, discharged, partially agglomerated and coagulated. Subsequently, the particle-enriched and particle-depleted partial gas stream thus formed are separated and treated further in accordance with operating requirements. Thereby the remaining gas stream maximally loaded with particles is fed into a particle-removal device where their withdrawal occurs.

Abstract: A method for electrostatically charging up particles suspended in a gas stream by means of ions originating from a separate unipolar ion source, wherein the ions are injected into the gas/particle stream by means of an alternating field and are deposited on the particles. The frequency of the alternating field is chosen so high at the specified maximum field strength that the drive velocity of the ions during a half-cycle is insufficient to carry the ions to the counter-electrode. As a result, undesirable wall recombination of the ions is avoided.

Abstract: In an internally cooled tubular ozonizer, there is built into the interior of the glass tube (5) a cooling tube (9) whose outer diameter is only slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the glass tube (5). The annular gap left is filled up with a temperature-resistant casting compound (10) which conducts heat well. In the case of a synthetic resin casting compound (10), the cooling tube (9) is connected galvanically via contact springs (11) to the metal layer (8), serving as the inner electrode, on the inner wall of the glass tube (5). The heat transfer from the cooling agent in the cooling tube (8) to the glass tube (5) is not impeded by the casting compound (10). Temperature stresses between the glass tube (5) and the cooling tube (9) are largely reduced, as a result of which the operational safety of the ozonizer is increased, especially at fairly high power densities.

Abstract: In modern ozone generators, high power densities are achievable when dielectrics (3) based on ceramics or filled plastic dielectrics and corresponding gap widths and dual cooling are used. With respect to efficiency, such ozone generators are inferior to those with a glass dielectric.To improve the efficiency and the resistance to the discharge attack, it is proposed to glaze the titanium oxide ceramic on the surface and to coat the plastic dielectrics with a high-temperature ceramic adhesive based on SiO.sub.2.

Abstract: Through modular construction of the ozone generator from block modules (1) of metal which have through holes (2) as outer electrodes and can be directly cooled, the required mechanical tolerances can be maintained. In particular, if the high voltage electrode (8) and the dielectric (11) is cooled, high power densities can be achieved.

Abstract: In modern ozone generators high power densities can be achieved using ceramic-based dielectrics and suitable gap widths and double cooling. By constructing the dielectric layer from dielectric powders of different grain size and binding with artificial resin, the long-term breakdown voltage of the dielectric layer can be increased to such an extent that they fulfil the operating requirements.