Abstract: A method for electronically stabilizing hybridization of nucleic acids bound at a test site of a microelectronic device is described. First and second negatively charged nucleic acids are provided, the second nucleic acid being bound to the test site. A zwitterionic buffer having a conductance of less than 100 mS/cm is applied to the microelectronic device. A current is applied to the test site to positively bias the test site, such that the first negatively charged nucleic acid is transported to the positively biased test site having the bound the second negatively charged nucleic acid. At the test site, the first and second negatively charged nucleic acids hybridize. The zwitterionic buffer acquires a net positive charge under influence of the current, such that the positively charged zwitterionic buffer stabilizes the hybridization by reducing the repulsion between the first and second negatively charged nucleic acids.

Abstract: Antisense oligonucleotides which hybridize with nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) mRNA and methods of using these oligonucleotides.

Abstract: Antisense oligonucleotides which hybridize with nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) mRNA and methods of using these oligonucleotides.

Abstract: This application includes methods for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a sample using an electronically addressable microchip having a plurality of test sites. A sample nucleic acid is electronically biased, concentrated at, and immobilized to a test site on the microchip. A mixture comprising a first labeled probe and a second labeled probe is electronically hybridized to the sample nucleic acid to form first or second hybridized complexes. The first labeled probe is perfectly complementary to the first sample nucleic acid and the second labeled probe is complementary to the sample nucleic acid and contains a nucleotide that forms a mismatch with the nucleotide at the site of the polymorphism. The first or second hybridized complexes are detected by determining a signal intensity of the label of the first or second probe.

Abstract: Antisense oligonucleotides which hybridize with nuclear factor-?B (NF-?B) mRNA and methods of using these oligonucleotides.

Abstract: Antisense oligonucleotides which hybridize with nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) mRNA and methods of using these oligonucleotides.

Abstract: A method of improving amplification of nucleic acids using a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (“NASBA”) method is provided wherein target nucleic acids and NASBA primers are electronically addressed to electronically addressable capture sites of a microchip. This improvement uses electronically induced hybridization of the target nucleic acids to the primers. The primers may be solution-based or immobilized on the capture sites of the microchip.

Abstract: Methods and compositions of matter are provided for the strand displacement amplification of target nucleic acids of interest using primer pair sets that are anchored to electronically addressable capture sites on a microarray. The primer pair sets may be individually bound to the capture sites or may comprise a unique branched primer pair moiety. The anchored primers allow for the simultaneous multiplex capture, amplification and detection of a target nucleic acid derived from any sample source.

Abstract: Antisense oligonucleotides which hybridize with nuclear factor-&kgr;B(NF-&kgr;B) mRNA and methods of using these oligonucleotides.

Abstract: A self-addressable, self-assembling microelectronic device is designed and fabricated to actively carry out and control multi-step and multiplex molecular biological reactions in microscopic formats. These reactions include nucleic acid hybridizations, antibody/antigen reactions, diagnostics, and biopolymer synthesis. The device can be fabricated using both microlithographic and micro-machining techniques. The device can electronically control the transport and attachment of specific binding entities to specific microlocations. The specific binding entities include molecular biological molecules such as nucleic acids and polypeptides. The device can subsequently control the transport and reaction of analytes or reactants at the addressed specific microlocations. The device is able to concentrate analytes and reactants, remove non-specifically bound molecules, provide stringency control for DNA hybridization reactions, and improve the detection of analytes. The device can be electronically replicated.

Abstract: A method for amplifying nucleic acids is provided wherein detection of amplified species is enhanced by the use of asymmetric amplification. Such amplification is made asymmetric by using divergent ratios of amplification primers or by using non-extending and/or non-cleavable amplification primers. Detection of the amplicons is improved because maintenance of single stranded species of amplicons during amplification facilitates their direct capture by immobilized probes without having to include denaturing steps.

Abstract: Described and disclosed are devices, methods, and compositions of matter for the multiplex amplification and analysis of nucleic acid sequences in a sample using novel strand displacement amplification technologies in combination with bioelectronic microchip technology. Specifically, a nucleic acid in a sample is amplified to form amplicons, the amplicons are addressed to specified electronically addressable capture sites of the bioelectronic microchip, the addressed amplicons are captured and labeled, and then the capture sites are analyzed for the presence of label. Samples may be amplified using strand displacement amplification. The invention is also amenable to other amplification methodologies well known by those skilled in the art. The capture and label steps may be by a method of universal capture with sequence specific reporter, or by a method of sequence specific capture with universal reporter.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the analysis and determination of the nature of single nucleic acid polymorphisms (SNPs) in a genetic target. In one method of this invention, the nature of the SNPs in the genetic target is determined by the steps of providing a plurality of hybridization complexes arrayed on a plurality of test sites on an electronically bioactive microchip, where the hybridization complex includes at least a nucleic acid target containing a SNP, a stabilizer probe having a sequence complementary to the target sequence and/or reporter probe, and a reporter probe having a selected sequence complementary to either the stabilizer or the same target sequence strand wherein a selected sequence of the reporter includes either a wild type nucleotide or a nucleotide corresponding to the SNP of the target.

Abstract: A method of improving amplification of nucleic acids using a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (“NASBA”) method is provided wherein target nucleic acids and NASBA primers are electronically addressed to electronically addressable capture sites of a microchip. This improvement uses electronically induced hybridization of the target nucleic acids to the primers. The primers may be solution-based or immobilized on the capture sites of the microchip.

Abstract: A method for amplifying nucleic acids is provided wherein detection of amplified species is enhanced by the use of asymmetric amplification. Such amplification is made asymmetric by using divergent ratios of amplification primers or by using non-extending and/or non-cleavable amplification primers. Detection of the amplicons is improved because maintenance of single stranded species of amplicons during amplification facilitates their direct capture by immobilized probes without having to include denaturing steps.

Abstract: Methods and compositions of matter are provided for the strand displacement amplification of target nucleic acids of interest using primer pair sets that are anchored to electronically addressable capture sites on a microarray. The primer pair sets may be individually bound to the capture sites or may comprise a unique branched primer pair moiety. The anchored primers allow for the simultaneous multiplex capture, amplification and detection of a target nucleic acid derived from any sample source.

Abstract: A self-addressable, self-assembling microelectronic device is designed and fabricated to actively carry out and control multi-step and multiplex molecular biological reactions in microscopic formats. These reactions include nucleic acid hybridizations, antibody/antigen reactions, diagnostics, and biopolymer synthesis. The device can be fabricated using both microlithographic and micro-machining techniques. The device can electronically control the transport and attachment of specific binding entities to specific microlocations. The specific binding entities include molecular biological molecules such as nucleic acids and polypeptides. The device can subsequently control the transport and reaction of analytes or reactants at the addressed specific microlocations. The device is able to concentrate analytes and reactants, remove non-specifically bound molecules, provide stringency control for DNA hybridization reactions, and improve the detection of analytes. The device can be electronically replicated.

Abstract: Antisense oligonucleotides which hybridize with nuclear factor-&kgr;B(NF-&kgr;B) mRNA and methods of using these oligonucleotides.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the analysis and determination of the nature of single nucleic acid polymorphisms (SNPs) in a genetic target. In one method of this invention, the nature of the SNPs in the genetic target is determined by the steps of providing a plurality of hybridization complexes arrayed on a plurality of test sites on an electronically bioactive microchip, where the hybridization complex includes at least a nucleic acid target containing a SNP, a stabilizer probe having a sequence complementary to the target sequence and/or reporter probe, and a reporter probe having a selected sequence complementary to either the stabilizer or the same target sequence strand wherein a selected sequence of the reporter includes either a wild type nucleotide or a nucleotide corresponding to the SNP of the target.

Abstract: This invention provides a bead array counter system that combines strand displacement amplification with magnetoresistive micro sensor chips and magnetic beads. The system allows for detection of target nucleic acids in highly dilute samples. The system further provides a means to detect specific nucleic acid sequences comprising SNPs and STRs.