Abstract: Disclosed is a method, circuit and system for transmission and reception of data, including video data. There is provided a multi-constellation data to symbol mapping logic, circuit or module integral with or otherwise functionally associated with a transmitter and a corresponding multi-constellation symbol to data de-mapping logic, circuit or module integral or otherwise functionally associated with a receiver. The multi-constellation mapping and corresponding de-mapping logic, circuit or module may be characterized by a non-uniform distribution of symbols, and optionally may be characterized by a set of symbol clusters, wherein symbol clusters are of the same or varying sizes and may be spaced either at uniform or non-uniform distances from one another.

Abstract: An automatic external cardiac massage (ECM) device has a sternum compressing element and a mechanism for imparting force to the sternum compressing element, and a controller controls movement of the sternum compressing element. A position/angle altering mechanism may dynamically alter at least one of an x-y position and stroke angle of the sternum compressing element, such as during performing ECM. The force, distance, rate and duty cycle of the sternum compressing element may also be dynamically controlled. Dynamic control may be according to device operation parameters, patient's life signs or off-line data. Operational parameters and patient life signs may also be stored, for later analysis.

Abstract: A belt-type external massage (ECM) device. A “force booster” may modify force applied by the belt to a patient's chest. A compression pad, or a shock absorber, or a plunger package or a or a bladder containing a viscous or non-Newtonian fluid may be disposed between the belt and the patient's chest. The mechanism for imparting force may be a rotary motor, linear motor, solenoid or pneumatic piston. Various force-altering elements may be disposed in a drive train of the device to alter the manner in which force is applied to the patient's chest. A backboard may be provided to support the patient in a supine position and for housing various mechanical elements and mechanisms of the device. A “hybrid” device may comprise a belt and mechanism for intermittently tightening the belt, and a pneumatic tube and mechanism for intermittently pressurizing the pneumatic tube.