Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for use thereof for loading bulk material into freight containers. One apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a ram. The ram comprises a plate and a driver configured to move the plate from a back end of the hopper to an open end of the hopper to expel material into a container. Another apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk, material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a reciprocating conveyor floor system. Optionally, the apparatuses further include a stand and/or collapsible legs to further support the hopper.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for use thereof for loading bulk material into freight containers. One apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a ram. The ram comprises a plate and a driver configured to move the plate from a back end of the hopper to an open end of the hopper to expel material into a container. Another apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk, material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a reciprocating conveyor floor system. Optionally, the apparatuses further include a stand and/or collapsible legs to further support the hopper.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for use thereof for loading bulk material into freight containers. One apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a ram. The ram comprises a plate and a driver configured to move the plate from a back end of the hopper to an open end of the hopper to expel material into a container. Another apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a reciprocating conveyor floor system. Optionally, a chute can be employed in combination with a loader vehicle to quickly and efficiently load bulk material into a container.

Abstract: A bathing system with a molded shell has hollows in the shell. A canister installed in each hollow with jets mounted upon the front jet plate of the canister. The canister is of simple construction that is mounted in a hollow and is removable and interchangeable for easy upgrading and repair of the bathing system.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for use thereof for loading bulk material into freight containers. One apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a ram. The ram comprises a plate and a driver configured to move the plate from a back end of the hopper to an open end of the hopper to expel material into a container. Another apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a reciprocating conveyor floor system. Optionally, the apparatuses further include a stand and/or collapsible legs to further support the hopper.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for use thereof for loading bulk material into freight containers. One apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a ram. The ram comprises a plate and a driver configured to move the plate from a back end of the hopper to an open end of the hopper to expel material into a container. Another apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a reciprocating conveyor floor system. Optionally, the apparatuses further include a stand and/or collapsible legs to further support the hopper.

Abstract: An antimalarial conjugate according to a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention may include a metallocene, a carbohydrate, and an antimalarial agent. The metallocene may include two cyclopentadienyl rings bound to a central metal atom. The carbohydrate and the antimalarial agent may be appended to at least one of the cyclopentadienyl rings of the metallocene, wherein the antimalarial agent has therapeutic properties directed to treating and/or preventing malaria. The metallocene may be ferrocene, the carbohydrate may be glucose, and the antimalarial agent may be chloroquine.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatuses and methods for use thereof for loading bulk material into freight containers. One apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume of the container and a ram. The rain comprises a plate and a driver configured to move the plate from a back end of the hopper to an open end of the hopper to expel material into a container. Another apparatus comprises a hopper configured to receive bulk material that is sized and shaped to be at least partially enclosable by a container to occupy a substantial volume the container and a reciprocating conveyor floor system. Optionally, the apparatus further include a stand and/or collapsible legs to further support the hopper.

Abstract: A method of processing a semiconductor wafer includes utilizing a heated gas to heat at least one part of a semiconductor wafer by convection whereupon at least one contaminant is desorbed therefrom. A stream of cooling gas is caused to pass over the one part of the semiconductor wafer in the absence of heated gas to cool the one part of the semiconductor wafer. A metrology tool is then caused to measure at least one part of the semiconductor wafer to determine at least one characteristic thereof.

Abstract: An optical component fabricated from a semi-conductor wafer in which the epilayers are in the InCaAsP system comprises a pair of ridge waveguides. The ridge waveguides are proximate and parallel to each other in a first region, and diverge from each other in a second region. Each waveguide has a continuous electric contact over its upper surface to provide a first light amplification zone through or beneath at least a portion of both first and second light guiding paths and a second light amplification zone through or beneath at least a portion of both the first and a third light guiding path. The component can be used as a low loss 1.times.2 switch, or as a low loss 2.times.1 combiner.

Abstract: A controlled method of, and apparatus for, continuously processing initially dry, particulate, cementitious material and fly ash solids and mixing them with a liquid to provide a liquid slurry of consistent proportions. The method and apparatus are concerned with a bin system for the fly ash solids and dry cementitious solids, opposed conveyor flight elements within the bin system leading to a metering valve system, a conveyor system for receiving the fly ash and cementitious material solids in metered proportions and then mixing them with a liquid to form a slurry, a conduit for pneumatically supplying solids entrained in an airstream to the bin system, a pressure controlled system for egressing air from the bin system and separating remaining solids from the air while maintaining the bin system under less than atmospheric pressure, and controls for monitoring the volume of material in the bin system.

Abstract: A locking boat propeller cover that completely encloses the propeller whereby unauthorized removal of the propeller is prevented, the propeller is protected from damage, and the risk of injury to people coming into contact with the propeller area is reduced.

Abstract: The stamping of soap and/or detergent bars using liquid-cooled co-acting die members is carried out using turbulent flow of liquid coolant in order to reduce die blocking.

Abstract: Bars of soap, synthetic detergent or mixtures of them are stamped between dies. In contrast with conventional stamping machinery the relative velocity of the dies is made to decrease at a rate which is more than proportional to the decrease in distance between the dies. Preferably the decrease is at a rate which is proportional to the cube of the decrease in distance. The process leads to a reduction in the adherence of soap/detergent to the dies.

Abstract: A laser structure with highly p-doped active material which has a particularly low linewidth enhancement factor .alpha.. Hence the emission linewidth of the laser structure is relatively small. The structure shows a particular relationship between the photon energy, the band gap energy and the conduction band quasi Fermi level of the active material which minimizes .alpha., the valence band being degenerate. These conditions can be used to design low .alpha. laser structures. Such structures are of particular application to directly modulated lasers or absorption modulators and also find application in coherent optical detection.

Abstract: By using a DFB semiconductor laser amplifier (1) in reflection, it is possible to obtain a device with an optical limiting characteristic. The output signal intensity of such an amplifier (1) is substantially independent of the input signal intensity where the input signal is detuned from an output peak on the short wavelength side of a stop band of the amplifier (1), and has an intensity above a threshold value. The amplifier (1) finds particular application for instance as an optical limiter or noise filter, in optical logic and communications systems.

Abstract: An optical power limiter structure comprises an asymmetric waveguide showing a defocussing nonlinearity of the core region material. The structure comprises a cladding region layer (2) and a core region layer (3) grown on a substrate (1). The core region layer (3) upper surface is exposed to air. By using an optical signal of wavelength .lambda. slightly greater than the bandgap equivalent wavelength of the core region material, the structure exploits a defocussing nonlinearity of semiconductor materials in a manner enhanced by the asymmetry of the waveguide.

Abstract: Using a semi-conductor laser amplifier in reflection, an optical switch is achieved which can be applied as either an AND/OR, or a NAND/NOR, logic gate. The amplifier responds to an optical input switching signal and the logical characteristics of its response can be controlled by selection of the drive current to the amplifier. The switch finds application in optical logic or communication systems.

Abstract: Detergent bars (soap or non-soap) are stamped or imprinted using a die or dies having a modulus of elasticity in the range 5.times.10.sup.5 to 1.times.10.sup.7 Nm.sup.-2. This gives reduced adhesion of detergent to die, reduced die-blocking and consequently reduced marring of bars. Preferably each such die has a facing layer of elastomer so as to achieve the desired low modulus of elasticity which preferably is distinctly less than that of the detergent.

Abstract: An optical power limiter structure comprises an asymmetric waveguide showing a defocussing nonlinearity of the core region material. The structure comprises a cladding region layer (2) and a core region layer (3) grown on a substrate (1). The core region layer (3) upper surface is exposed to air. By using an optical signal of wavelength .lambda. slightly greater than the bandgap equivalent wavelength of the core region material, the structure exploits a defocussing nonlinearity of semiconductor materials in a manner enhanced by the asymmetry of the waveguide.