Abstract: Secure financial transactions may be made with insecure facsimile transmissions using encoded customer-specific information that can be readily decoded and confirmed by a merchant. The encoded information is affixed to an order form using, for instance, a label. The encoded information may include a serial number for use in confirming the order. Other information such as a card number (e.g., credit card) and expiration date may also be included.

Abstract: A method of generating an output image having a lower resolution than that of a source image is provided. A thinned image is generated by discarding outer pixels of the source image. In parallel with generation of the thinned image, an averaged image is generated, such that each pixel of the averaged image represents an average of a subset of pixels in the source image. A first output image is then generated by subsampling the pixels of the thinned image. A final output image is generated as a function of both the first output image and the averaged image.

Abstract: A compression and decompression system in which a reversible wavelet filter are used to generates coefficients from input data, such as image data. The reversible wavelet filter is an efficient transform implemented with integer arithmetic that has exact reconstruction. The present invention uses the reversible wavelet filter in a lossless system (or lossy system) in which an embedded codestream is generated from the coefficients produced by the filter. An entropy coder performs entropy coding on the embedded codestream to produce the compressed data stream.

Abstract: The present invention provides an encoding and/or decoding apparatus used for the compression and expansion of data. A finite state machine comprises a number of tables, which collectively have a plurality of states. One of the tables encodes multi-bit symbols for fixed probabilities.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of performing gamma correction for a display device is provided. The display device is capable of displaying images using three color components, such as red, green, and blue. A first color bar image is displayed on the display device. The first color bar image has a constant intensity for two of the color components and a linear scale of intensity along a coordinate axis for the third color component. A second color bar image is also displayed which has a constant intensity for the first two color components and a constant average intensity for the third color component. A user input is then received specifying a location on the first color bar image at which the color of the first color bar image appears to match the overall color of the second color bar image. An estimate of the gamma of the display device is determined based on the location specified by the user input. Next, a correction value is determined based on the estimate of the gamma.

Abstract: A compression and decompression system in which a reversible wavelet filter are used to generates coefficients from input data, such as image data. The reversible wavelet filter is an efficient transform implemented with integer arithmetic that has exact reconstruction. The present invention uses the reversible wavelet filter in a lossless system (or lossy system) in which an embedded codestream is generated from the coefficients produced by the filter. An entropy coder performs entropy coding on the embedded codestream to produce the compressed data stream.

Abstract: A compression and decompression system in which a reversible wavelet filter are used to generates coefficients from input data such as image data. The reversible wavelet filter is an efficient transform implemented with integer arithmetic that has exact reconstruction. The present invention uses the reversible wavelet filter in a lossless system (or lossy system) in which an embedded codestream is generated from the coefficients produced by the filter. An entropy coder performs entropy coding on the embedded codestream to produce the compressed data stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decompressing and compressing data is described. The present invention provides an encoder for use in a compression system having a decoder for decoding information generated by the encoder. The encoder of the present invention includes a coder for producing codeword information in response to data. The encoder also includes a reorder unit that generates a coded data stream in response to the codeword information from the coder. The reorder unit comprises a run count reorder unit for arranging codewords into a decoding order and a bit pack unit to combine variable length codewords into fixed length interleaved words and to output the fixed length interleaved words in an order required by the decoder.

Abstract: An encoding and decoding system that includes a model implemented hardware or software that is capable of operating on arbitrary data (e.g., data of a different or variety of types.) The model generates a context and binary decision for each symbol, which a binary entropy coder that uses to generate a compressed bit stream. One context model is operable with arbitrary data and uses context bins of various orders to generate a context and a decision for each symbol in an input symbol stream. An entropy coder estimates probability and generates compressed data stream in response to contexts and decisions from the model and according to generated probability estimates.

Abstract: A facsimile transmission system with a first facsimile machine that includes at least a scanner for scanning documents inserted into a document feeder and transmission capabilities for sending a fax and with a second facsimile machine that includes at least reception capabilities for receiving the fax and a printer for printing a hard copy of the received fax, if necessary. The facsimile system may include functionality for securing the facsimile transmission. The facsimile system may include functionality to enable the facsimile transmission to be certified.

Abstract: A data compression system uses sameness information, such as temporal sameness of corresponding pixels, in the coding process. Two sets of contexts are used, one set when a pixel is the same as a sameness pixel, and one set of contexts for residual coding of the pixel when it is not the same. The use of the sameness bit saves computation because, if in decoding the one "sameness" bit, a decompressor determines that the pixel is equal to the corresponding pixel in a previous frame, then no further decoding is needed for that pixel.

Abstract: A secure system for executing program code in an insecure environment while making it impossible, or at least impractical, to determine how to copy the program code and associated data is provided. A program memory contains encrypted program data and security circuitry contained within an integrated circuit is provided for decrypting the program data as it is needed by a processor. A portion of the processing steps which would be done by the processor in an insecure system is performed in this secure system within the secure circuitry using portions of the decrypted program data which are not provided to the processor. Program data is parsed it out based on a proper request to the security chip from the processor. A key value stored in volatile memory is used in the decrypting process and the volatile memory is positioned on the integrated circuit such that its contents are lost before a chip peel provides access to the volatile memory.

Abstract: A data compression system separates input data into color planes prior to compression. If needed for legacy game consoles, compression is performed by a game cartridge transparent to the console. To minimize the number of passes required of a coder/decoder, color planes are ordered by density and the densest color plane is coded first. After the first color plane is coded, other color planes are coded, but pixels which are known to have colors from previously coded color planes are not coded. The last color plane is not coded, but is deduced from all the other color planes. Alternatively, pixel color values are represented by vectors with components thereof separately coded by subcolor planes. Also, each color plane can be coded until a threshold number of pixels are coded, and the remaining pixels coded by bit plane. The image data could be coded using pixel position information as context.

Abstract: The present invention provides an encoding and decoding apparatus used for the compression and expansion of data. A state machine is provided having a plurality of states. Each state has at least one transition pair. Each element of the transition pair comprises zero or more bits representative of the compact code to be output and the identification of the next state to proceed to. The transition pair reflects an output for a yes and no response associated with the probability of the data to be compacted and whether the data falls within that probability.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for placing digital data on plain paper. One embodiment of the present invention allows for the digital data to undergo encryption before being placed on the plain paper. In one embodiment, a photocopier is used for transferring digital encrypted data to and from a plain piece of paper. The photocopier allows digital data to be stored onto plain paper after encryption, such that the digital data is secure. The photocopier also includes a device to recognize the encrypted digitized pixels on the page such that they may be decrypted and the original image reproduced.