Abstract: Modified substrates are provided having nano- or microscale wells, tracks, channels, pores or perforations. Also provided are methods of making the same.

Abstract: Modified substrates are provided having nano- or microscale wells, tracks, channels, pores or perforations. Also provided are methods of making the same.

Abstract: A method for providing a miniature vector magnetometer includes embedding a micron-sized diamond nitrogen-vacancy (DNV) crystal into a bonding material. The bonding material including the embedded micron-sized DNV crystal is cured to form a micro-DNV sensor. A micro-DNV assembly is formed by integrating the micro-DNV sensor with a micro-radio-frequency (RF) source, a micron-sized light source, a reference bias magnet, and one or more micro-photo detectors. The micro-DNV assembly is operable to perform vector magnetometry when positioned in an external magnetic field.

Abstract: A membrane can contain at least one substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer includes a plurality of substrate pores, and each of the substrate pores contains a plurality of nanotubes or nanowires positioned within the substrate pore. Such membranes can be incorporated into enclosures for various substances. The enclosures can be exposed to an environment, such as a biological environment (in vivo or in vitro), where the membrane can delay or not provoke an immune response from the environment. One or more substances within the enclosure can be released into the environment, one or more selected substances from the environment can enter the enclosure, one or more selected substances from the environment can be prevented from entering the enclosure, one or more selected substances can be retained within the enclosure, or combinations thereof. The enclosure can, for example, allow a sense-response paradigm to be realized.

Abstract: A method for providing a miniature vector magnetometer includes embedding a micron-sized diamond nitrogen-vacancy (DNV) crystal into a bonding material. The bonding material including the embedded micron-sized DNV crystal is cured to form a micro-DNV sensor. A micro-DNV assembly is formed by integrating the micro-DNV sensor with a micro-radio-frequency (RF) source, a micron-sized light source, a reference bias magnet, and one or more micro-photo detectors. The micro-DNV assembly is operable to perform vector magnetometry when positioned in an external magnetic field.