Abstract: Titanium-containing metal is extracted from its oxide(s) by way of a redox chemical reaction with a reducing metal. Specifically, an intimate mixture of the reducing metal and the titanium-containing oxide(s) is produced, in a preferred embodiment, by forming a metal-ceramic composite material featuring these two constituents. In a preferred embodiment, the composite body is made by infiltrating the reduced metal in molten form, into a permeable mass containing the titanium-bearing oxide(s). Concurrently or subsequent to infiltration, the redox reaction is carried out to transform the composite material, thereby forming a complex intimate mixture containing one or more oxides of the reducing metal, a titanium-containing metal, which could include an alloy of titanium with the reducing metal and/or one or more intermetallic compounds of titanium and the reducing metal, and possibly also some residual reducing metal, which itself possibly contains some titanium metal.

Abstract: A method of capturing an object and linking the object to a print medium, the method including: capturing the object; and submitting a request to associate the object with a print media identifier of the print medium, submission of the request facilitating identification of the object and the print media identifier; wherein, the association of the object and the print media identifier is recorded in a database, the object retrievable from the database using the print media identifier.

Abstract: A method of performing an action is disclosed. The method starts by sensing a print medium to obtain data encoded on a surface of the print medium. The data encodes at least a print media identifier. The print medium has a representation of a document printed thereon. The print media identifier is determined from the data and a digital copy of the document corresponding to the representation is retrieved. The digital copy is associated with the print media identifier and includes one or more hyperlinks. The digital copy of the document is displayed and a selection of one of the hyperlinks is received from a user. A predefined action designated by the selected hyperlink is then performed.

Abstract: A method of retrieving an image using a print medium is disclosed. The method starts by sensing the print medium using a sensor module of a mobile telecommunications device to obtain data encoded on a surface of the print medium. The data encodes at least a print media identifier. From the data the print media identifier is determined. The image is associated with the print media identifier. The image is retrieved by the mobile telecommunications device, and displayed on a display of the mobile telecommunications device.

Abstract: A method of linking an object to a sticker print medium is provided which includes submitting a request to associate the object with a print media identifier of the sticker print medium, submission of the request facilitating identification of the object and the print media identifier, recording the requested association of the object and the print media identifier in a database, the object being retrievable from the database using the print media identifier, once the requested association is recorded attaching the sticker print medium to a physical representation of the object, receiving the sticker print medium in a media feed path of the mobile telecommunications device, and reading the print media identifier from the sticker print medium using the sensor module of the mobile telecommunications device.

Abstract: A method of using a mobile device to authenticate a printed token and output an image associated with the token, the mobile device comprising a sensor and processing means, the method comprising the steps of: using the sensor to sense coded data on the printed token; using the processing means to determine, from the sensed coded data, at least an identity of the token; authenticating the token using the identity; based on at least the identity, determining an image associated with the token; and outputting the image from the mobile device in a visible form.

Abstract: A method of printing content using a print medium, comprising the steps of: determining, using a sensor module, a print media identifier from the print medium, the print media identifier having been linked to the content, and the content associated with previously printed content on the print medium; and, printing, using a printer, the content on the print medium.

Abstract: A method of linking an object to a print medium, comprising the step of: submitting a request to associate the object with a print media identifier of the print medium, submission of the request facilitating identification of the object and the print media identifier; wherein, the association of the object and the print media identifier is recorded in a database, the object being retrievable from the database using the print media identifier.

Abstract: A method of generating an association between an object and a sticker on a surface, the sticker having disposed therein or thereon coded data at least partially indicative of a sticker identity, the method including, in a computer system: receiving indicating data from a sensing device, the indicating data being at least partially indicative of the identity of the sticker, the sensing device being responsive to sensing at least some of the coded data to generate the indicating data; identifying, using the indicating data, the identity of the sticker on the surface; and, generating an association based at least partially on the sticker identity and an object.

Abstract: A method of associating an object with a sticker placed on a surface is disclosed. The sticker has coded data encoding a sticker identity. The sticker also has a region which exposes a position on the surface. The surface has coded data encoding surface identity and locations on the surface. The method starts by receiving indicating data from a sensing device which sensed the sticker and surface coded data respectively. The indicating data is indicative of the sticker identity, the surface identity and the position on the surface exposed by the sticker. The object is also identified, and the object is associated with the sticker identity, the surface identity, and the position on the surface exposed by the sticker.

Abstract: A method is provided for associating a sticker and an object in a computer system. The object is stored in an object repository in the computer system and the object is of a type selected from a range of object types. The sticker has coded data indicative of a sticker identity and the object type. The method provides a sensing device for sensing the coded data when placed in an operative position relative to the sticker and generating indicating data that is indicative of the identity of the sticker and the object type. The indicating data is received in the computer system from the sensing device. The sticker, the object type and the object are identified so that an association between the sticker identity and the object is generated. When the object repository is empty, the computer system indicates that the association cannot be generated.

Abstract: A method of performing an action is disclosed. The method starts by sensing a print medium to obtain data encoded on a surface of the print medium. The data encodes at least a print media identifier. The print media identifier is determined from the data and a digital copy of a document is retrieved, the digital copy being associated with the print media identifier and including one or more hyperlinks. The digital copy of the document is displayed and a selection of one of the hyperlinks is received from a user. A predefined action designated by the selected hyperlink is then performed.

Abstract: A method of performing an action in relation to a first association between a reusable sticker and an object, the reusable sticker having disposed therein or thereon coded data indicative of a sticker identity and of a first interactive element representing the action, the method including: receiving first indicating data from a sensing device, the first indicating data being at least partially indicative of the sticker identity and the first interactive element, the sensing device, when placed in an operative position relative to the first interactive element, sensing at least some of the coded data to generate the first indicating data; identifying, using the first indicating data, the action and the first association; and, performing the action in relation to the first association.

Abstract: A method of generating an association between a sticker and an object of an object type, the sticker having disposed therein or thereon coded data at least partially indicative of a sticker identity and the object type, the method including, in a computer system: receiving indicating data from a sensing device, the indicating data being at least partially indicative of the identity of the sticker and the object type, the sensing device, when placed in an operative position relative to the sticker, being responsive to sense at least some of the coded data and generate the indicating data using the sensed coded data; identifying, using the indicating data, the identity of the sticker, the object type and the object of the object type; and, generating an association based at least partially on the sticker identity and the object.

Abstract: A method of performing an action in relation to an object, the method including: determining a request to perform the action in relation to the object; identifying, using the request, action data indicative of at least one of: the action; the object; and, a target device to perform the action in relation to the object; and, performing, using the action data, the action in relation to the object.

Abstract: This invention relates to metal and metal matrix composite materials that are useful as, for example, brake rotors, clutch plates and other similar uses which benefit from material properties of the invention. In the case of metal matrix composite materials, clutch plates and brake rotors made according to the invention comprise an interconnected matrix metal embedding at least one filler material. For example, the at least one filler material comprises numerous acceptable filler materials present in a sufficient quantity to provide desired performance. The brake rotors and clutch plates according to the invention further comprise a coating on the surface thereof causing the metal or metal matrix composite body to function as a substrate. The coatings may be applied by various conventional techniques.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel light emitting diode display of the type comprising a thin substrate, a plurality of light emitting diodes arranged along the substrate, and an electrical conductor pattern on the substrate which electrically interconnects the light emitting diodes so that all or selected ones may be made light emissive. The diodes are arranged along the thin or "thickness" edge of the substrate while the attendant electrical circuit pattern is carried on the side or sides of the substrate. This novel arrangement permits close packing of rows of light sources which heretofore was limited due to the fact that both the circuitry and diodes were carried on the same display face. Novel displays of this invention may also be used as character segments in alpha-numeric character displays.