Abstract: The present invention discloses a system and a method of intermediate network nodes that substitute local content for detected advertisements before serving Web pages to Web clients. In the invention, served content provided by a remotely located Web server directed towards a remotely located Web browser can be detected by the network node that performs the substitution. The served content can include Web content related to a Web site and advertisement content. A portion of the served content representing advertisement content can be determined. The determined advertisement content can be replaced with substitute content. The Web content and the substitute content can be delivered to the Web browser.

Abstract: The method and apparatus are for bending or straightening a material such as a rail. A simple form of the apparatus comprises two spaced contact members for contacting the rail, and a rail lifting member located between these points arranged to lift the rail between the two points, the lifting member being arranged to engage the head of the rail. A preferred method comprises applying a load to the material and, while the load is applied, continuously or periodically measuring the load applied and the displacement of the material relative to the datum, establishing from the measurements a load at which the plastic component of the total deformation measured is equal to the predetermined deformation from the datum, and then removing the load.