Abstract: An apparatus comprises a structure including an upper insulating material overlying a lower insulating material, a conductive element underlying the lower insulating material, and a conductive material comprising a metal line and a contact. The conductive material extends from an upper surface of the upper insulating material to an upper surface of the conductive element. The structure also comprises a liner material adjacent the metal line. A width of an uppermost surface of the conductive material of the metal line external to the contact is relatively less than a width of an uppermost surface of the conductive material of the contact. Related methods, memory devices, and electronic systems are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a structure including an upper insulating material overlying a lower insulating material, a conductive element underlying the lower insulating material, and a conductive material comprising a metal line and a contact. The conductive material extends from an upper surface of the upper insulating material to an upper surface of the conductive element. The structure also comprises a liner material adjacent the metal line. A width of an uppermost surface of the conductive material of the metal line external to the contact is relatively less than a width of an uppermost surface of the conductive material of the contact. Related methods, memory devices, and electronic systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for memory device decoder configurations are described. A memory device may include an array of memory cells and decoder circuits. The array may include one or more memory cells coupled with an access line, and a decoder circuit may be configured to bias the access line to one or more voltages. The decoder circuit may include a first transistor coupled with the access line and a second transistor coupled with the access line. The first transistor may be a planar transistor having a first gate electrode formed on a substrate, and the second transistor may be a trench transistor having a second gate electrode that extends into a cavity of the substrate, where a length of a first gate electrode may be greater than a length of the second gate electrode.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for memory device decoder configurations are described. A memory device may include an array of memory cells and decoder circuits. The array may include one or more memory cells coupled with an access line, and a decoder circuit may be configured to bias the access line to one or more voltages. The decoder circuit may include a first transistor coupled with the access line and a second transistor coupled with the access line. The first transistor may be a planar transistor having a first gate electrode formed on a substrate, and the second transistor may be a trench transistor having a second gate electrode that extends into a cavity of the substrate, where a length of a first gate electrode may be greater than a length of the second gate electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a structure including an upper insulating material overlying a lower insulating material, a conductive element underlying the lower insulating material, and a conductive material comprising a metal line and a contact. The conductive material extends from an upper surface of the upper insulating material to an upper surface of the conductive element. The structure also comprises a liner material adjacent the metal line. A width of an uppermost surface of the conductive material of the metal line external to the contact is relatively less than a width of an uppermost surface of the conductive material of the contact. Related methods, memory devices, and electronic systems are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a structure including an upper insulating material overlying a lower insulating material, a conductive element underlying the lower insulating material, and a conductive material comprising a metal line and a contact. The conductive material extends from an upper surface of the upper insulating material to an upper surface of the conductive element. The structure also comprises a liner material adjacent the metal line. A width of an uppermost surface of the conductive material of the metal line external to the contact is relatively less than a width of an uppermost surface of the conductive material of the contact. Related methods, memory devices, and electronic systems are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a structure including an upper insulating material overlying a lower insulating material, a conductive element underlying the lower insulating material, and a conductive material comprising a metal line and a contact. The conductive material extends from an upper surface of the upper insulating material to an upper surface of the conductive element. The structure also comprises a liner material adjacent the metal line. A width of an uppermost surface of the conductive material of the metal line external to the contact is relatively less than a width of an uppermost surface of the conductive material of the contact. Related methods, memory devices, and electronic systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer structures to metal vehicle wheels is effective in reducing the mass of the wheel while retaining suitable stiffness in the wheel structure. For maximum effect the reinforced polymer structure and the metal wheel must operate cooperatively. Because of the wide range of operating temperatures experienced by wheels and the large difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between metals and carbon fiber reinforced composites attachment of the polymer structure to the wheel by adhesive alone is problematical. However a wheel with an effective and durable reinforcement may be fabricated by confining, through mechanical interference, the reinforced polymer in a cavity in or on the spoke and by preheating the wheel before curing the polymer.

Abstract: A lightweight spare tire system. The lightweight spare tire system includes a carbon fiber composite vehicle rim that is suitable for use with a spare tire and a lightweight tire that is suitable for use with the carbon fiber composite rim. The lightweight tire and rim creates a lightweight spare wheel that may be used on a vehicle.

Abstract: A lightweight spare tire system. The lightweight spare tire system includes a carbon fiber composite vehicle rim that is suitable for use with a spare tire and a lightweight tire that is suitable for use with the carbon fiber composite rim. The lightweight tire and rim creates a lightweight spare wheel that may be used on a vehicle.

Abstract: Application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer structures to metal vehicle wheels is effective in reducing the mass of the wheel while retaining suitable stiffness in the wheel structure. For maximum effect the reinforced polymer structure and the metal wheel must operate cooperatively. Because of the wide range of operating temperatures experienced by wheels and the large difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between metals and carbon fiber reinforced composites attachment of the polymer structure to the wheel by adhesive alone is problematical. However a wheel with an effective and durable reinforcement may be fabricated by confining, through mechanical interference, the reinforced polymer in a cavity in or on the spoke and by preheating the wheel before curing the polymer.

Abstract: Tissue cells of an animal transformed with a multivalent recombinant vector construct are provided. The vector construct expresses a therapeutic protein and either (a) a second protein or active portion thereof capable of inhibiting MHC antigen presentation; (b) an antisense message capable of inhibiting MHC antigen presentation; or (c) a ribozyme capable of inhibiting MHC antigen presentation. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising such multivalent constructs are also provided. The transformed tissue cells are particularly useful within methods for suppressing an immune response.

Abstract: A one-part curable epoxy adhesive composition is provided. The adhesive comprises curable epoxy resin, a latent curative system comprising (a) at least one first curative encapsulated in thermoplastic polymeric microcapsules and (b) a second latent curative admixed in the curable epoxy resin, and sufficient particulate thermoplastic polymeric material to at least partially regionally plasticize the cured epoxy resin wherein up to all of the particulate thermoplastic polymeric material may be provided by the walls of the microcapsules. A method of curing the adhesive by heating the composition is also provided. A joint made by adhering members together with the adhesive composition and a method of making the joint are also provided.

Abstract: A one-part curable epoxy adhesive composition is provided. The adhesive comprises curable epoxy resin, a latent curative system comprising (a) at least one first curative encapsulated in thermoplastic polymeric microcapsules and (b) a second latent curative admixed in the curable epoxy resin, and sufficient particulate thermoplastic polymeric material to at least partially regionally plasticize the cured epoxy resin wherein up to all of the particulate thermoplastic polymeric material may be provided by the walls of the microcapsules. A method of curing the adhesive by heating the composition is also provided. A joint made by adhering members together with the adhesive composition and a method of making the joint are also provided.

Abstract: An encapsulated breaker is enclosed within a hydrolytically degradable polymer coating. Compositions containing this encapsulated breaker, methods of making and methods of use are also described.

Abstract: An encapsulated breaker slurry composition for reducing the viscosity of a fracturing fluid. The slurry has a flashpoint above 93° C., and the liquid of the slurry does not facilitate release of the breaker from the coating. Methods of using the slurry composition are also described.

Abstract: An encapsulated breaker is enclosed within a hydrolytically degradable polymer coating. Compositions containing this encapsulated breaker, methods of making and methods of use are also described.

Abstract: A horizontally oriented curve is produced on a raster type cathode ray tube display by storing curve data words in a memory and placing a series of dots on the cathode ray tube screen with each dot being at a height dictated by the value of the respective data word and at a horizontal position dependent on the order in which the respective data word is received. A dot counter provides an output signal for writing the curve data words into the address locations of the memory in the order in which the curve data words are received. A horizontal raster position counter provides a read address signal to the memory for each possible dot position in a horizontal scan. A comparator circuit compares each curve data word read out of the memory with a signal representative of the vertical position of the current horizontal scan and produces a video enable signal to produce a dot on the cathode ray tube screen when the compared signals are equal.