Abstract: Apparatus for charging a substrate, comprising: an elongated charging member having a crowned surface; an elongated pressure member having, the pressure member being supported for pressure engagement with the charging member to form a nip therebetween adapted to receive the substrate. There is also disclose a method for making the apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus for charging a substrate, comprising: an elongated charging member having a crowned surface; an elongated pressure member having, the pressure member being supported for pressure engagement with the charging member to form a nip therebetween adapted to receive the substrate. There is also disclose a method for making the apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluid deposition apparatus comprising (a) a fluid supply, (b) a porous fluid distribution member in operative connection with the fluid supply, enabling wetting of the fluid distribution member with a fluid, and (c) a porous metering membrane situated on the fluid distribution member, whereby the metering membrane enables uniform metering of the fluid from the fluid distribution member onto a substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method that insures an even distribution of liquid in an aquatron charging device across the entire length of the device. This enables uniform charging across the width of the photoreceptor. The present invention fills and pressurizes a porous tube with a liquid. The liquid evenly exudes from the pores along the entire length of the porous tube. A hydrophilic liquid retentive foam which contacts the photoreceptor surface is wrapped snugly around the tube. The conductivity and overall rate of dispensation of liquid is controlled by the pressure differential across the porous tube.

Abstract: An electrostatographic printing machine and apparatus that utilizes a two layer roll charger for contact charging of photoreceptors. The charger includes a liquid retentive foam layer fitted over an electrically conductive shaft. The shaft can be solid or porous, the later requiring a separate liquid reservoir. The second layer is a thin liquid permeable member, over the foam layer, which transmits water at a slow, but controlled rate during the rotation of the roller. The roller may rotate synchronously with the photoreceptor or be allowed to slip on the photoreceptor surface to improve uniformity and contact. The membrane increases life by controlling the runout of liquid from the repository. Also, the present invention permits charging over photoreceptor pinholes.

Abstract: An electrostatographic printing machine and apparatus that utilizes a foam roll aquatron with a hydrophilic web between it and the photoreceptor. The porous web captures and removes toner particles which ordinarily would be trapped in the foam roll nip and cause image quality defects, such as streaking.

Abstract: An apparatus, printing machine and method for replenishing an aquatron liquid reservoir in an aquatron charging device. The print media (e.g. paper, vellum, etc.) releases liquid from the print media during fusing. A condenser creates condensate from the liquid released by the print media which is collected in a conduit and transported using air flow into a collection container. This collection container can be the aquatron liquid reservoir, or a separate collection container that pumps liquid to the aquatron liquid reservoir, thus, enabling replenishing the liquid supply of the aquatron liquid reservoir within the printing machine. Sensing devices measuring liquid concentration resistance in the aquatron liquid reservoir and/or the collection container control the liquid level of the reservoir and/or collection container.

Abstract: An apparatus and method that utilize a sensor circuit and a liquid supply to control resistance of a fluid carrier of an aquatron. The resistance of the fluid carrier or charging pad is maintained by controlling the loading or concentration of liquid in the charging pad. A comparison of the fluid or liquid level in the charging pad to the desired fluid level for the charging pad triggers the addition or reduction of fluid to the charging pad to achieve the desired fluid level and thus the desired resistance. A minimum fluid carrier resistance is required to prevent loading the power supply when charging over pinholes and scratches in the imaging surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying an electrical charge to a charge retentive surface by transporting ions through an electrically biased ionically conductive liquid and transferring the ions to the member to be charged across the liquid/charge retentive surface interface. The electrically biased ionically conductive liquid medium is brought into contact with the photoreceptor by placing a hydrophilic material imbibed with the ionically conductive liquid in contact with the photoreceptor. The hydrophilic material is partially surrounded by a pair of elongated blade elements as well as a pair of end seal elements for providing a sealed structure for containing the hydrophilic material A voltage is applied to the ionically conductive liquid medium while translating or rotating the charge retentive surface past the ionically conductive medium, thereby enabling the transfer of ions to the charge retentive surface A support blade may be provided for urging the donor blade into contact with the photoreceptor.

Abstract: An apparatus for charging an ionographic member, comprising an electrically insulating substrate containing affixed thereto a plurality of electroded grooves each capable of retaining a single wettable fiber, thereby forming a collection of fibers in contact with the substrate; a resin layer that isolates said fibers from each other, and that adheres the fibers to the electroded grooves; providing an ionically conductive fluid to said collection of fibers; applying an electrical bias to said fibers thereby transporting ions through the fibers to the surface of said ionographic member and which ions charge said member.

Abstract: A power supply for transmitting voltage to a device, including a web having a piezoelectric exterior layer for generating a voltage on the surface thereof in response to being deformed. The web is entrained about a roller arrangement to deform the piezoelectric exterior layer. Commutation brushes transfers the voltage generated on the surface of the piezoelectric exterior layer to the device. The roller arrangement in combination with the placement of commutation brushes and neutralization brushes are used to adjust the voltage to the device.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying an electrical charge to a charge retentive surface by transporting ions through an ionically conductive liquid and transferring the ions to the member to be charged across the liquid/charge retentive surface interface. The ionically conductive liquid is contacted with the charge retentive surface for depositing ions onto the charge retentive surface via a wetted donor blade supported within a conductive housing, wherein the housing is coupled to an electrical power supply for applying an electrical potential to the ionically conductive liquid. In one specific embodiment, the charging apparatus includes a support blade for urging the donor blade into contact with the charge retentive surface and a wiping blade for wiping any liquid from the surface of the charge retentive surface as may have been transferred to the surface at the donor blade/charge retentive surface interface.

Abstract: A process for charging layered imaging members by the transfer of ions thereto from an ionically conductive medium.

Abstract: A power supply for transmitting voltage to a device, comprising: a web including a piezoelectric exterior layer for generating a voltage on the surface thereof in response to being deformed; and means for transferring the voltage on the surface of said piezoelectric exterior layer to the device is disclosed.

Abstract: System and process for replenishing liquid developer in equipment, such as a printer, whereby the percent of toner solids is maintained at about 0.5 to 4% by weight based on the total weight of liquid developer, the system comprising at least one liquid toner concentrate vessel containing aggregates of thermoplastic resin particles, median particle size (volume weighted) greater than 15 .mu.m, and with 90% of the particles (volume weighted) not less than 30 .mu.m, composed of 50 to 100% by weight of particles and 0 to 50% by weight carrier liquid; a liquid vessel containing carrier liquid, means communicating each of said vessels with a dispersing vessel containing electric field means for breaking apart agglomerates of liquid toner, wherein contents of the liquid toner concentrate vessel and the liquid vessel are supplied thereto and the resin particles are dispersed in the carrier liquid to form particles having a median particle size (volume weighted) of less than 15 .mu.

Abstract: A device for applying an electrical charge to a charge retentive surface by transporting ions in a fluid media and transferring the ions to the member to be charged across the fluid media/charge retentive surface interface. The fluid media is positioned in contact with a charge retentive surface for depositing ions onto the charge retentive surface. In one specific embodiment, the fluid media is a ferrofluid material wherein a magnet is utilized to control the position of the fluid media, which, in turn, can be utilized to selectively control the activation of the charging process.

Abstract: A composite metal oxide charge enhancing additive composition comprised of a first metal oxide forming a core particle, and a second metal oxide forming an outer layer on the first metal oxide core particle of the formula [(M.sup.1 O.sub.n)x]-[(M.sup.2 O.sub.n).sub.y ] wherein M.sup.1 represents the first metal oxide metal, M.sup.2 represents the second metal oxide metal, n is an integer representing the number of oxygen atoms and is determined by the valence of the metal M to which the oxygen atoms are bonded, x and y represent the relative molar ratios of the first and second metal oxides, and wherein M.sup.1 is different from M.sup.2.Another embodiment is a composite metal oxide toner charge enhancing additive composition comprising an organosilane outer layer or coating covalently bonded on the outer surface of the second metal oxide layer of the formula {(M.sup.1 O.sub.n).sub.x }-{M.sup.2 O.sub.n).sub.y }-{Si R.sub.4-n).sub.z } wherein (Si R.sub.4-n).sub.

Abstract: A toner composition comprised of multiblock or liquid glass resin particles with a glass transition temperature of between from about 20.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C., and pigment particles.

Abstract: A colored magnetic toner composition comprised of a polymer resin or resins, an optional waxy, lubricating or low surface energy substance, a colorless or light colored magnetic material, a color pigment, dye or mixture thereof, excluding black, and a whitening agent; and wherein the surface of the toner contains a conductive metal oxide.

Abstract: A toner composition comprised of semicrystalline copolymer resin particles with a melting point of from about 30.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C., and containing functional groups comprising hydroxy, carboxy, amino, amido, ammonium or halo, and pigment particles.