Abstract: Compositions and methods of making and using thereof are provided with a specific antimicrobial activity and efficacy toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and low levels of toxicity toward mammalian cells. The compositions include water-soluble molecules characterized by a hydrophobic interior fragment and side groups containing cationic groups. A class of these molecules is provided with variations in the length of the internal conjugated segment and in other molecular features, which impact the efficacy and toxicity. The substituents on the cationic functional group, the structural variations on the solubilizing group, and the length of the conjugated segment are important features affecting the antimicrobial property and the non-toxicity to mammalian cells of the composition.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of making and using thereof are provided with a specific antimicrobial activity and efficacy toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and low levels of toxicity toward mammalian cells. The compositions include water-soluble molecules characterized by a hydrophobic interior fragment and side groups containing cationic groups. A class of these molecules is provided with variations in the length of the internal conjugated segment and in other molecular features, which impact the efficacy and toxicity. The substituents on the cationic functional group, the structural variations on the solubilizing group, and the length of the conjugated segment are important features affecting the antimicrobial property and the non-toxicity to mammalian cells of the composition.

Abstract: The systems and methods of the present disclosure provide an authorized user with the ability to input and store past and current racing information and compare that information to a particular characteristic or set of characteristics to prepare reports, objective rating/performance systems, training regimens, value assessments and otherwise compare and analyze the data in real time for a variety of other reasons. The authorized user can access, create performance reports, and/or update data on the proposed system via the web using any device configured to access the Internet including, for example, any stand alone computer, networked device or suitable mobile device.

Abstract: Bacteria and in particular pathogenic bacteria are treated in a manner which alters the bacteria's native level or activity of DNA methyltransferase (Dam). The alteration results in a change in the bacteria's native level of methylation of adenine in a GATC tetranucleotide which inhibits virulence of the bacteria. Thus, compounds which inhibit proliferation of bacteria are useful in treating bacterial infections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a class of microbial coding sequences the transcription or cotranscription of which is specifically induced during microbial infection of a host. These particular coding sequences or defined regions thereof may be used as probes to identify and isolate microbial virulence genes. The products of these virulence genes will provide potential targets for the development of vaccines or antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards methods of producing antibodies using an attenuated strain of pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Haemophilus, E. coli, and/or Salmonella) having non-reverting genetic mutations relative to the wild-type organism which alter activity of DNA adenine methylase (Dam). The invention further includes compositions comprised of the attenuated bacteria and methods using these compositions to elicit an immune response and immunize a subject with highly specific antibodies. The invention also provides methods producing antibodies to heterologous antigens which the attenuated bacteria are engineered to produce.

Abstract: Bacteria and in particular pathogenic bacteria are treated in a manner which alters the bacteria's native level or activity of DNA methyltransferase (Dam). The alteration results in a change in the bacteria's native level of methylation of adenine in a GATC tetranucleotide which inhibits virulence of the bacteria. Thus, compounds which inhibit proliferation of bacteria are useful in treating bacterial infections.

Abstract: Immunogenic compositions are disclosed which are comprised of bacteria which are pathogenic in their native state but which are rendered non-pathogenic in a manner which alters the native level or activity of DNA adenine methylase. The genome is also artificially engineered to express a heterologous antigen such as an immunogenic antigen of a virus, protozoa, parasite or fungi.

Abstract: The virulence of bacterial strains and in particular pathogenic bacteria which infect human is reduced by an agent which alters the bacteria's native level or activity of DNA methyltransferase (Dam). The agent causes an alteration in the bacteria's native level of methylation of adenine in a GATC tetranucleotide which inhibits virulence of the bacteria. Thus, compounds and formulations thereof which reduce bacterial virulence inhibit proliferation of bacteria and are useful in treating bacterial infections, particularly in humans.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards an attenuated strain of pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Haemophilus, E. Coli, and/or Salmonella) having non-reverting genetic mutations relative to the wild-type organism which alter activity of DNA adenine methylase (Dam). The invention further includes compositions comprised of the attenuated bacteria and methods using these compositions to elicit an immune response to produce highly specific antibodies. The invention also provides methods for preparing vaccines as well as screening methods to identify agents which may have anti-bacterial activity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards compositions containing pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Haemophilus, E. Coli, and/or Salmonella) having non-reverting genetic mutations which alter activity of DNA adenine methylase (Dam) and methods using these compositions to elicit an immune response to produce highly specific antibodies. The invention also provides methods for preparing vaccines as well as screening methods to identify agents which may have anti-bacterial activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a class of microbial coding sequences the transcription or cotranscription of which is specifically induced during microbial infection of a host. These particular coding sequences or defined regions thereof may be used as probes to identify and isolate microbial virulence genes. The products of these virulence genes will provide potential targets for the development of vaccines or antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: A genetic system termed in vivo expression technology was devised that positively selects for microbial genes that are specifically induced when microbes infect their host. The method of this invention comprises complementing the growth of an auxotrophic or antibiotic sensitive microorganism by integrating an expression vector by way of homologous recombination into the auxotrophic or antibiotic sensitive microorganism's chromosome and inducing the expression of a synthetic operon which encodes transcripts, the expression of which are easily monitored both in vitro and in vivo.