Abstract: The invention relates to a flow-through electrochemical system having a plurality of flow-through electrochemical cells in electrical and fluid connection. Preferably, the flow-through electrochemical cells are flow-through capacitor cells. By monitoring and controlling the voltage of each individual cell, the system maximizes charge and voltage while minimizing amperage.

Abstract: Provides a process which identifies the language or genre of a stored or transmitted document. The process uses a plurality of Word Frequency Tables (WFTs) respectively associated with languages/genre of interest. Each WFT contains a relatively few of the most common words of one of the languages of interest. Each word code in a WFT has an associated normalized frequency of occurrence value (NFO); use of NFOs increases the language/genre detection ability of the process. A plurality of respective accumulators are associated with the plurality of WFTs. All accumulators are set to zero before identification processing starts. The language/genre identification process receives a sequence of words from an inputted document, and compares each received word to all of the words in all WFTs. Whenever a received word is found in any WFT, the process adds the word's associated NFO to a current total in the associated accumulator.

Abstract: A mechanism for an automated system to allow a user of the system to demonstrate his legitimacy by demonstration of secret knowledge. The mechanism is resistant to compromise by observation of its use. An array of symbols is presented to the user and the user is required to manipulate several symbols at once until assigned key symbols are manipulated into predetermined states. Doing so effectively prevents an observer from determining which symbols are the ones of interest. For example, pushing a button might cause several symbols in the array to exchange their positions. The user continues to do this, having, perhaps, to use several different buttons, until a certain subset of the symbols appears in certain locations within the array. (In this example, the arrangement of this subset of symbols is the user's password or PIN.