Abstract: Transport Layer Security (TLS) connection establishment between a client and a server for a new session is enabled using an ephemeral (temporary) key pair. In response to a request, the server generates a temporary certificate by signing an ephemeral public key using the server's private key. A certificate chain comprising at least the temporary certificate that includes the ephemeral public key, together with a server certificate, is output to the client by the server, which acts as a subordinate Certificate Authority. The client validates the certificates, generates a session key and outputs the session key wrapped by the ephemeral public key. To complete the connection establishment, the server applies the ephemeral private key to recover the session key derived at the client for the new session. The client and server thereafter use the session key to encrypt and decrypt data over the link. The ephemeral key pair is not reused.

Abstract: A computer system displays a first object that includes at least a first portion of the first object and a second portion of the first object and detects a first gaze input that meets first criteria, wherein the first criteria require that the first gaze input is directed to the first portion of the first object in order for the first criteria to be met. In response, the computer system displays a first control element that corresponds to a first operation associated with the first object, wherein the first control element was not displayed prior to detecting that the first gaze input met the first criteria, and detects a first user input directed to the first control element. In response to detecting the first user input directed to the first control element, the computer system performs the first operation with respect to the first object.

Abstract: High quality carbon nanochains or carbon nanotubes are produced by methods that include mixing a carbon-containing feedstock with a catalyst to form a feedstock/catalyst mixture, or coating a catalyst with a carbon-containing feedstock, and subjecting the feedstock/catalyst mixture or feedstock-coated catalyst to irradiation with a laser to convert the feedstock into carbon nanochains or carbon nanotubes in the presence of the catalyst. In some instances, the feedstock is converted to a char by pyrolysis and the char is instead subjected to laser irradiation. The carbon-containing feedstock can be a biomass or a carbonaceous material. In some instances, the catalyst is a metal salt, preferably a transition metal salt. In some instances, the catalyst is an elemental metal, an alloy, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly is provided and includes an outer cowl, an inner nozzle sleeve disposable within the outer cowl, nested support rings by which the outer cowl and the inner nozzle sleeve are coupled, sets of rivets to respectively connect the nested support rings to the inner nozzle sleeve, the nested support rings together and the nested support rings to the outer cowl and an elongate washer configured to reinforce three or more rivets of one or more of the sets of rivets.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly is provided and includes an outer cowl, an inner nozzle sleeve disposable within the outer cowl, nested support rings by which the outer cowl and the inner nozzle sleeve are coupled, sets of rivets to respectively connect the nested support rings to the inner nozzle sleeve, the nested support rings together and the nested support rings to the outer cowl and an elongate washer configured to reinforce three or more rivets of one or more of the sets of rivets.