Abstract: A system and method for image compression utilizing adaptively sized blocks and sub-blocks of discrete cosine transform coefficient data is presented. A block size assignment element in the encoder selects the block or sub-block of an input block of pixels to be processed. The selection is based on the variance of pixel values. Blocks with variances larger than a threshold are subdivided, while blocks with variances smaller than a threshold are not subdivided. A transform element transforms the pixel values of the selected blocks into the frequency domain. The frequency domain values may then be quantized, serialized, and variable length coded in preparation for transmission.

Abstract: A toilet ventilation device includes a housing that defines an air inlet aperture and an air outlet aperture. Within the housing are an air movement apparatus for drawing air into the device, a filter for removing malodorous elements in the air, and a radar sensor for activating the air movement apparatus in response to the presence of a user and, optionally, deactivating the air movement apparatus when the user leaves. The toilet ventilation device is configured and arranged to draw air, using the air movement apparatus, from the toilet, through the air inlet aperture, into contact with the filter, and out the air outlet aperture. In one embodiment, the toilet ventilation device is disposed over the overflow conduit of the toilet to draw air from the bowl of the toilet, through the overflow conduit, and into the toilet ventilation device. The entire toilet ventilation device is preferably disposed within a tank of a toilet.

Abstract: A heated toilet seat with an outer clam shell type housing and an inner clam shell type housing. A heater wire is positioned in the inner housing to distribute heat. The inner housing is held above the bottom portion of the seat so that little heat is wasted by passing down through the bottom portion. The inner housing can be of essentially the same geometric configuration as the top and bottom portions of the outer housing, and groove and rib structures can tightly enclose the wiring in the inner housing.

Abstract: The invention provides for a method of authenticating to a user or customer a terminal, such as an automatic teller machine, in a transaction execution system. The terminal is authenticated by a central host using cryptographic techniques, and a personal security phrase is sent from the host to the terminal. A message, incorporating the personal security phrase, is communicated to the customer by the terminal, thereby indicating that the terminal is legitimate. The terminal is authenticated to the customer prior to his entering any secret or confidential information, such as a personal identification number, into the terminal.

Abstract: A cryptographic communication system is disclosed which permits computer users to authenticate themselves to a computer system without requiring that the computer system keep confidential the password files used to authenticate the respective user's identities. The invention is useful in that it prevents a compromised password file from being leveraged by crafty hackers to penetrate the computer system.

Abstract: Memories which have new benign failure modes. The new failure modes are the omission-crash mode and the eventual-crash mode. Memories having either of these modes fail more benignly than memories having the omission failure mode, but unlike memories having the crash failure mode, memories with the novel failure modes may be used to construct gracefully-degrading fault tolerant objects. Implementations of memories with the new failure modes are disclosed, along with implementations of fault-tolerant objects made from memories with the new failure modes.