Abstract: A land-based cable station is provided for interfacing with first and second undersea transmission segments of an undersea optical transmission system. At least one first bypass optical transmission path is provided for selectively coupling reflectometry probe signals and backscattered and reflected signals located at a prescribed wavelength from a first interface device to a second interface device. At least one second bypass optical transmission path is provided for selectively coupling reflectometry probe signals and backscattered and reflected signals located at a prescribed wavelength from the second interface device to the first interface.

Abstract: A method for entering a market with high barriers to entry and a plurality of proprietary business elements includes converting at least one of the business elements into a universal business element that can accept a wide variety of inputs from other business elements, while converting a remaining one of the plurality of business elements to commoditized business elements. In addition, a market of a resulting business is limited so that the resulting business straddles a gap between two subdivisions of the market. Thus, a combination of technology and market division enables conversion of otherwise proprietary system to commodity equipment that can work with a wide variety of existing vendor equipment while competing technologically with highly engineered solutions.

Abstract: A land-based cable station is provided for interfacing with first and second undersea transmission segments of an undersea optical transmission system. The cable station includes optical transmission terminal equipment for receiving and transmitting optical signals that undergo opto-electric conversion therein. A first interface device is operably coupled to the terminal equipment for bidirectionally communicating optical signals between the terminal equipment and the first undersea transmission segment and for providing signal conditioning to the optical signals received from the terminal equipment so that the optical signals are suitable for transmission through the first undersea transmission segment.

Abstract: A method is provided for using optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) with a bi-directional optical transmission system that includes a plurality of terminals interconnected by first and second unidirectional optical transmission paths having at least one repeater therein. The method begins by transmitting a probe signal from a first terminal through the repeater over the first optical transmission path. A returned OTDR signal is received over the first optical transmission path in which status information concerning the first optical transmission path is embodied. The returned OTDR signal is transformed to a digitized electrical signal and the digitized electrical signal is transformed to an optical data signal. Finally, the optical data signal is transmitted over the second optical transmission path to the first terminal for extracting the status information embodied therein.

Abstract: An optical repeater is provided that includes at least four optical amplifiers each supplying optical amplification to an optical signal traveling in a different unidirectional optical fiber that collectively form at least two bi-directional pairs of optical fibers. The repeater also includes a first plurality of pump sources for providing pump energy to a first optical fiber located in a first of the optical fiber pairs and a second optical fiber located in a second of the optical fiber pairs. The first optical fiber and the second optical fiber support optical signals traveling in a common direction. A first combiner arrangement combines the pump energy from the first plurality of pump sources and distributes it to the optical amplifiers supplying amplification to optical signals traveling in the first and the second optical fibers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for using optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) with a WDM transmission system that includes a plurality of terminals interconnected by at least two pairs of unidirectional optical transmission paths each of which has at least one repeater therein. The method begins by transmitting an optical probe signal from a first OTDR unit associated with a first terminal into the repeater over a first optical path in a first of the at least two pairs of unidirectional optical transmission paths. The first OTDR unit receives a first returned OTDR signal over a second optical path in the first optical path pair. The first OTDR signal contains status information concerning the first optical path in the first optical path pair. The optical probe signal from the first optical path in the first optical path pair is coupled to a second optical path in the second optical path pair.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for using optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) with a WDM transmission system that includes a plurality of terminals interconnected by at least two pairs of unidirectional optical transmission paths each of which has at least one repeater therein. The method begins by transmitting an optical probe signal from a first OTDR unit associated with a first terminal into the repeater over a first optical path in a first of the at least two pairs of unidirectional optical transmission paths. The first OTDR unit receives a first returned OTDR signal over a second optical path in the first optical path pair. The first OTDR signal contains status information concerning the first optical path in the first optical path pair. The optical probe signal from the first optical path in the first optical path pair is coupled to a second optical path in the second optical path pair.

Abstract: An optical repeater is provided that includes at least four optical amplifiers each supplying optical amplification to an optical signal traveling in a different unidirectional optical fiber that collectively form at least two bi-directional pairs of optical fibers. The repeater also includes a first plurality of pump sources for providing pump energy to a first optical fiber located in a first of the optical fiber pairs and a second optical fiber located in a second of the optical fiber pairs. The first optical fiber and the second optical fiber support optical signals traveling in a common direction. A first combiner arrangement combines the pump energy from the first plurality of pump sources and distributes it to the optical amplifiers supplying amplification to optical signals traveling in the first and the second optical fibers.

Abstract: An optical transmission system has an optical transmission terminal with first and second optical interfaces. The first interface is configured to communicate in accordance with an industry-standard, network level protocol. The second interface is configured to communicate in accordance with a first optical layer transport protocol. The optical transmission span includes an optical interface device that has a third interface communicating with the second interface of the optical transmission terminal in accordance with the first optical layer transport protocol and a fourth interface configured to communicate in accordance with a second optical layer transport protocol. The optical interface device also has a signal processing unit for transforming optical signals between the first and second optical layer transport protocols.

Abstract: An optical transmission system has an optical transmission terminal with first and second optical interfaces. The first interface is configured to communicate in accordance with an industry-standard, network level protocol. The second interface is configured to communicate in accordance with a first optical layer transport protocol. The optical transmission span includes an optical interface device that has a third interface communicating with the second interface of the optical transmission terminal in accordance with the first optical layer transport protocol and a fourth interface configured to communicate in accordance with a second optical layer transport protocol. The optical interface device also includes a signal processing unit for transforming optical signals between the first and second optical layer protocols. A test system is coupled to the signal processing unit for monitoring optical signal quality.

Abstract: A method is provided for using OTDR with a bi-directional optical transmission system that includes first and second terminals interconnected by at least first and second unidirectional optical transmission paths having at least one repeater therein. The method begins by transmitting optical probe signals over the first optical path and receiving over the second optical path returned OTDR signals in which status information concerning the first optical path is embodied. The optical probe signals and the returned OTDR signals are transmitted and received, respectively, at time intervals allowing individual spans of the first optical path, which are separated by the repeater or repeaters, to be monitored in a sequential manner.