Abstract: A tool is provided that includes unitary plate that includes a blade portion and a tang portion. The blade portion can include an edge. The tang portion can include a positioning hole, a first hole, a slot, a second hole, a rivet hole, and one or more teeth (also referred to as one or more barbs) on a side of the tang portion. The tool can further include a hilt member which includes a through passage, a tab, and a notch. The tool includes an overlay on a body to create a handle for gripping the tool. The tool further includes a hammerhead cap on an end of the body, the hammerhead cap is coupled to the handle with a rivet through the rivet hole.

Abstract: An application security monitors data traffic from computing devices to a remote application in a first computing environment, such as a production service chain. The application security monitor detects an anomaly in the data traffic from a computing device. Based on the anomaly, the remote application is substantially reproduced in a second computing environment, such as a scrubbing environment. The application security monitor redirects the anomalous data to the remote application in the second computing environment. The application security monitor determines whether the data traffic from the first computing device corresponds to malicious activity or legitimate activity by the computing device. Responsive to a determination that the data traffic from the first computing device corresponds to legitimate activity, the application security monitor applies to the first computing environment any changes in the second computing environment caused by the redirected traffic from the computing device.

Abstract: An optical filter is formed from at least two grating located in a waveguide region of a semiconductor optical device. Each grating has a multiple peak optical passband. The gratings are spaced apart in the waveguide region and form an optical cavity having a comb-filter characteristic. The gratings may be located in the active region of an optical gain element and in a preferred example are superstructure gratings (SSGs). A number of filters may be joined together in series.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical device, for example a laser, has a composite optical waveguide including a tapered, MQW active waveguide in optical contact with a substantially planar, passive waveguide. The fundamental optical mode supported by the composite waveguide varies along the length of the composite waveguide so that, in a laser, the laser mode is enlarged and is a better match to single mode optical fibre. A method for making such semiconductor optical devices is also disclosed.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical device, for example a laser, has a composite optical waveguide including a tapered, MQW active waveguide in optical contact with a substantially planar, passive waveguide. The fundamental optical mode supported by the composite waveguide varies along the length of the composite waveguide so that, in a laser, the laser mode is enlarged and is a better match to single mode optical fiber. A method for making such semiconductor optical devices is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical filter is formed from at least two gratings (102,103) located in a waveguide region (104) of a` semiconductor optical device (101). Each grating has a multiple peak optical passband. The gratings are spaced apart in the waveguide region and form an optical cavity having a comb-filter characteristic. The gratings may be located in the active region of an optical gain element and in a preferred example are superstructure gratings (SSGs). A number of filters may be joined together in series.

Abstract: In a high speed optical clock extraction arrangement, an incoming digital signal is divided between two paths (11, 25). The signal on one path (25) is fed direct to a receiver (203), while the signal on the other path (11) is fed to a non-linear optical amplifier (1) which has separate gain and absorbing regions. The non-linear optical amplifier (1) is triggered by the incoming signal to pulsate at a clock frequency contained in the signal, and the resultant strong output clock signal is coupled into the path (25) carrying the incoming signal to the receiver (203). The non-linear optical amplifier (1) can provide a very high frequency clock output as a result of selective modification of the carrier lifetime.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical switching device comprises a passive optical input stage, a matrix stage and a passive optical output stage. The matrix stage incorporates active amplifiers, the switch as a whole being therefore part passive and part active. Control over the switching configuration is provided by electrical inputs to the amplifiers. The matrix stage guides optical signals in a direction transverse to optical signals propagating in the input or output stages. With this configuration, fixed change in direction of the optical paths available to optical signals propagating through the device are provided by splitters, combiners and total internal reflection mirrors.

Abstract: An avalanche photodiode having a beryllium guard ring. The beryllium is implanted at a dosage of at least 5.times.10.sup.14 per cm.sup.2 and subsequently annealed to provide a guard ring profile with a p+core and a superlinearly graded tail. The doping profile of the guard ring immediately adjacent the core is superlogarithmic.

Abstract: An opto-electronic device, comprising an optical waveguide and means for imposing an electrical field in a direction transverse to the waveguide, is designed such that the spatial spread of the electrical field is very small. The electrical field overlies the region of peak amplitude of the profile of optical radiation in the waveguide. Constructed principally out of semiconductor materials made from elements selected from the III and V groups of the Periodic Table, the device lends itself to monolithic integration in optical communications systems.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device, suitable for coupling to optical fibers, provides a combination of narrow optical confinement and small changes in refractive index along a first axis, with broad optical confinement and large changes in refractive index along a second, perpendicular axis. A rib waveguide in which a single transverse mode beam can propagate, comprises a thin guiding layer 2 sandwiched between a pair of relatively thick confining layers 1, 3 of refractive index only slightly less than that of the guiding layer 2. The rib is etched through both the upper confining layer 3 and the guiding layer 2 and is exposed at its sides and top to air.