Abstract: A fault associated with a communication medium is analyzed by correlating a first set of information indicative of echo associated with the communication medium with a second set of information indicative of echo. The fault is characterized based on the correlation between the first set of information and the second set of information. The first set of information and the second set of information can include echo canceller coefficients generated by an echo canceller coupled to the communication medium.

Abstract: A fault associated with a communication medium is analyzed by correlating a first set of information indicative of echo associated with the communication medium with a second set of information indicative of echo. The fault is characterized based on the correlation between the first set of information and the second set of information. The first set of information and the second set of information can include echo canceller coefficients generated by an echo canceller coupled to the communication medium.

Abstract: A fault associated with a communication medium is analyzed by correlating a first set of information indicative of echo associated with the communication medium with a second set of information indicative of echo. The fault is characterized based on the correlation between the first set of information and the second set of information. The first set of information and the second set of information can include echo canceller coefficients generated by an echo canceller coupled to the communication medium.

Abstract: A fault associated with a communication medium is analyzed by correlating a first set of information indicative of echo associated with the communication medium with a second set of information indicative of echo. The fault is characterized based on the correlation between the first set of information and the second set of information. The first set of information and the second set of information can include echo canceller coefficients generated by an echo canceller coupled to the communication medium.

Abstract: Sensing elements, sensor systems and methods for determining the concentration of oxygen and oxygen-related analytes in a medium are provided. The sensing element comprises a solid polymeric matrix material that is permeable to oxygen or an oxygen related analyte and an indicator that is covalently bonded to the solid polymeric matrix material. The indicator is a luminescent platinum group metal polyaromatic chelate complex capable of having its luminescence quenched by the presence of oxygen. The polyaromatic complex comprises three ligands, at least one of which is a bidentate diphenylphenanthroline. The polyaromatic complex is distributed substantially homogenously throughout the matrix material and is covalently bonded to the matrix material via a linker arm. The linker arm is attached to a phenyl group of a diphenylphenanthroline ligand and to the backbone of the polymeric matrix material.

Abstract: Sensing elements, sensor systems and methods for determining the concentration of oxygen and oxygen-related analytes in a medium are provided. The sensing element comprises a solid polymeric matrix material that is permeable to oxygen or an oxygen related analyte and an indicator that is covalently bonded to the solid polymeric matrix material. The indicator is a luminescent platinum group metal polyaromatic chelate complex capable of having its luminescence quenched by the presence of oxygen The polyaromatic complex comprises three ligands, at least one of which is a bidentate diphenylphenanthroline. The polyaromatic complex is distributed substantially homogenously throughout the matrix material and is covalently bonded to the matrix material via a linker arm. The linker arm is attached to a phenyl group of a diphenylphenanthroline ligand and to the backbone of the polymeric matrix material.

Abstract: A method and system for optimizing coding gain that alters the backsearch buffer length and/or the input buffer length of a decoder in response to one or more transmission performance characteristics of the system. The performance characteristics are monitored to determine the performance of the system. The measured transmission performance characteristics are used to control the lengths of the backsearch buffer and the input buffer. The measured transmission performance characteristics along with the backsearch length and/or the input buffer length are analyzed and compared with simulated decoding results. In accordance with the simulated results, the system determines the optimal size of the backsearch buffer and the input buffer needed to achieve a desired performance target. The system adjusts the size of the backsearch buffer length and/or the input buffer length to equal the determined optimal lengths.

Abstract: Circuits and methods are described which reduce waiting time jitter at a synchronizer/multiplexer by using a “sub-bit” comparison of a clock associated with an unsynchronized data stream and a clock associated with a synchronized data stream to generate a threshold level for use in determining when to stuff bits into the synchronized data stream. The term “sub-bit” means that the phase difference, as measured by, for example, the location of pointers associated with the two clocks, is precise to a fraction of a bit.

Abstract: Circuits and methods are described which reduce waiting time jitter at a synchronizer/multiplexer by using a “sub-bit” comparison of a clock associated with an unsynchronized data stream and a clock associated with a synchronized data stream to generate a threshold level for use in determining when to stuff bits into the synchronized data stream. The term “sub-bit” means that the phase difference, as measured by, for example, the location of pointers associated with the two clocks, is precise to a fraction of a bit.

Abstract: Circuits and methods are described which reduce waiting time jitter at a synchronizer/multiplexer by using a “sub-bit” comparison of a clock associated with an unsynchronized data stream and a clock associated with a synchronized data stream to generate a threshold level for use in determining when to stuff bits into the synchronized data stream. The term “sub-bit” means that the phase difference, as measured by, for example, the location of pointers associated with the two clocks, is precise to a fraction of a bit.

Abstract: The present link delay calculation system using a common reference signal and a pulsed or gated tone signal to determine the link delay. The system using a discrete-time Fourier transform to measure phase information and obtain the link delay time. One such system employing a global positioning satellite signal to synchronize signal generation at a control site and demodulation at a remote site.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the direct noninvasive prediction of hematocrit in mammalian blood using photoplethysmography techniques and data processing. The method and apparatus also include optional prediction of other analytes of interest: percent oxygen saturation of mammalian blood and methemoglobin of stored blood. The method and apparatus can be used for the immediate, periodic, or continuous noninvasive diagnosis or monitoring of hematocrit levels in mammalian patients without pain to the patient or exposure of the health care practitioner to the blood of the patient.

Abstract: An electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems includes an asynchronous noise suppression adaptive filter which removes asynchronous interference from the signal of interest with minimum distortion of the transients emitted when a sensitized tag is interrogated. The system also includes a synchronous noise suppression filter which removes interrogation synchronous noise from the signal of interest. The resulting EAS system increases the likelihood that a sensitized tag will be detected when one is present and reduces the occurrence of false alarms.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the direct noninvasive prediction of hematocrit in mammalian blood using photoplethysmography techniques and data processing. The method and apparatus also include optional prediction of other analytes of interest: percent oxygen saturation of mammalian blood and methemoglobin of stored blood. The method and apparatus can be used for the immediate, periodic, or continuous noninvasive diagnosis or monitoring of hematocrit levels in mammalian patients without pain to the patient or exposure of the health care practitioner to the blood of the patient.