Abstract: A process for the preparation of a promoted VSbOx catalyst comprising mixing a vanadium compound, at least a first portion of an antimony compound, and at least a portion of the support material to form a slurry, heating the slurry to remove the water, calcining the dried slurry to form a catalyst precursor, combining the catalyst precursor with a second aqueous sol containing the remaining portion of the support material and the remaining portion of the antimony compound to form a second slurry, drying the second slurry to remove the water and calcining the dried mixture to form the finished catalyst.

Abstract: A process increasing the yield of both HCN and acetonitrile produced during the manufacture of acrylonitrile comprising introducing a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propylene and propane, a crude ketone and/or a mixture of at least two ketones, ammonia and air, into a reaction zone containing an ammoxidation catalyst, reacting the hydrocarbon, the ketone, ammonia and oxygen over said catalyst at an elevated temperature to produce acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile, and recovering the acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile from the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and an apparatus for identifying and quantifying components in an effluent stream from an ammoxidation reactor, the apparatus comprising a microprocessor; and a Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer having a sample cell through which may flow a portion of the effluent stream, an infrared source to emit infrared radiation and pass the infrared radiation through the effluent stream, an infrared detector to detect transmitted infrared radiation at the selected infrared wavelengths and to generate absorbance data due to absorbance of the infrared radiation by the components, wherein each of the components absorbs infrared radiation at one or more of the infrared wavelengths, and an output apparatus to provide the absorbance data to the microprocessor; wherein the microprocessor is programmed to identify and quantify each of the plurality of components based upon the absorbance data and calibration data, the calibration data being obtained from recovery run analyses and calibrat

Abstract: A process increasing the yield of both HCN and acetonitrile produced during the manufacture of acrylonitrile comprising introducing a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propylene and propane, a crude ketone and/or a mixture of at least two ketones, ammonia and air, into a reaction zone containing an ammoxidation catalyst, reacting the hydrocarbon, the ketone, ammonia and oxygen over said catalyst at an elevated temperature to produce acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile, and recovering the acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile from the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and an apparatus for identifying and quantifying components in an effluent stream from an ammoxidation reactor, the apparatus comprising a microprocessor; and a Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer having a sample cell through which may flow a portion of the effluent stream, an infrared source to emit infrared radiation and pass the infrared radiation through the effluent stream, an infrared detector to detect transmitted infrared radiation at the selected infrared wavelengths and to generate absorbance data due to absorbance of the infrared radiation by the components, wherein each of the components absorbs infrared radiation at one or more of the infrared wavelengths, and an output apparatus to provide the absorbance data to the microprocessor; wherein the microprocessor is programmed to identify and quantify each of the plurality of components based upon the absorbance data and calibration data, the calibration data being obtained from recovery run analyses and calibrat

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of acrylic acid comprising reacting propylene and oxygen (preferably in the form of air) in a reaction zone having a catalyst characterized by the following formula: AaBbCcCadFeeBifMo12Ox where A=one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs B=one or more of Mg, Sr, Mn, Ni, Co and Zn C=one or more of Ce, Cr, Al, Sb, P, Ge, Sn, Cu, V and W and a=0.01 to 1.0; b and e =1.0-10 c=0 to 5.0, preferably 0.05 to 5.0, especially preferred being 0.05 to 4.0 d and f=0.05 to 5.0, and x is a number determined by the valence requirements of the other elements present; at an elevated temperature to produce acrylic acid and acrolein.

Abstract: A process for increasing the yield of one or both co-products HCN and acetonitrile produced during the manufacture of acrylonitrile comprising introducing a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of propylene and propane, a mixture comprising one or more alcohols selected from crude methanol, crude ethanol or crude propanol, ammonia and air into a reaction zone containing an ammoxidation catalyst, reacting the hydrocarbon, alcohol, ammonia and oxygen over said catalyst at an elevated temperature to produce acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile, and recovering the acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide and acetonitrile from the reactor.

Abstract: A process for regenerating molybdenum containing ammoxidation catalyst comprising replacing the molybdenum loss from the catalyst during the ammoxidation reaction wherein ammonium dimolybdenum is utilized as the source for replacement of the molybdenum loss from the original catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a complex of catalytic oxides of iron, bismuth, molybdenum and calcium and characterized by the following empirical formula:A.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c D.sub.d Fe.sub.e Bi.sub.f MO.sub.12 O.sub.xwhere A=one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs or mixtures thereofB=one or more of Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Ag, Pb, Re, Cd and Zn or mixtures thereofC=one or more of Ce, Cr, Al, Sb, P, Ge, La, Sn, V and W or mixtures thereofD=one or more of Ca, Sr, Ba or mixtures thereofand a=0.01 to 1.0; b and e=1.0-10; c, d, and f=0.1 to 5.0 and x is a number determined by the valence requirements of the other elements present.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst having the following formula:V.sub.a Sb.sub.b M.sub.c O.sub.xwherein M=tin, titanium, lithium, sodium, potassium, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, niobium, tantalum, tellurium, bismuth, or mixtures thereof,a=0.1 to 5, preferably 0.1 to 3, most preferably 0.1 to 2b=0.1 to 5, preferably 0.1 to 3, most preferably 0.1 to 2c=0.0 to 5, preferably greater than 0 to 5, most preferably 0.01 to 3, andx is a number sufficient to satisfy the valency requirements of the elements,comprising forming an aqueous slurry comprising vanadium and antimony, adding a peptizing agent free of any lithium compounds capable of providing hydroxide ions to said slurry and spray drying said slurry to form an attrition resistant catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst having the atomic ratios set forth in the empirical formula below:A.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c Ge.sub.d Bi.sub.e Mo.sub..sub.12 O.sub.xwhereA=two or more of alkali metals, In and TlB=one or more of Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Ca, Fe, Ce, Sm, Cr, Sb, and W; preferably B equals the combination of Fe and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Mn, Ca, Ce, Sn, Cr, Sb, and WC=one or more of Pb, Eu, B, Sn, Te and Cua=0.05 to 5.0b=5 to 12c=0 to 5.0d=0.1 to 2.0e=0.1 to 2.0x=the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the valency requirements of the other elements andb>a+c.

Abstract: A catalyst having the atomic ratios set forth in the empirical formula below:A.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c Ge.sub.d Bi.sub.e Mo.sub.12 O.sub.xwhereA=two or more of alkali metals, In and TlB=one or more of Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Ca, Fe, Ce, Sm, Cr, Sb, and W; preferably B equals the combination of Fe and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Mn, Ca, Ce, Sn, Cr, Sb, and WC=one or more of Pb, Eu, B, Sn, Te and Cua=0.05 to 5.0b=5 to 12c=0 to 5.0d=0.1 to 2.0e=0.1 to 2.0x=the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the valency requirements of the other elements andb>a+c.

Abstract: A process for the substantial or complete elimination of ammonium sulfate generated during the production of acrylonitrile by the direct ammoxidation of propylene/propane, ammonia and an oxygen containing gas (e.g. air) over a fluid bed catalyst wherein the improvement comprises introducing methanol into said reactor in the upper portion of the reactor at a location where the methanol reacts with at least a portion if not substantially all of the excess ammonia without affecting the acrylonitrile yield. Preferably, methanol is introduced into the reactor at below its coking temperature. In particular, when an oxygen lean fluid bed catalyst is utilized, an additional oxygen containing gas is introduced into the reaction at a distance between about 8 to 14 inches from the methanol feed location.

Abstract: A process for the substantial or complete elimination of ammonium sulfate generated during the production of acrylonitrile by the direct ammoxidation of propylene/propane, ammonia and an oxygen containing gas (e.g. air) over a fluid bed catalyst wherein the improvement comprises introducing an organic compound(s) into said reactor at a location where the compound(s) reacts with substantially all of the excess ammonia without affecting the acrylonitrile yield. Preferably, the organic compound is methanol which is introduced into the reactor at below its coking temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for ammoxidizing C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 mono-olefins to .alpha.,.beta.-mono-unsaturated acyclic nitriles having 3 to 5 carbon atoms and HCN by introducing such mono-olefins molecular oxygen and ammonia into a reaction zone into vapor phase contact with a solid ammoxidation catalyst, wherein the mol ratio of introduced molecular oxygen and ammonia to said introduced mono-olefin is at least 1.5 and 1.0, respectively, wherein said catalyst contains the elements and proportions indicated by the empirical formula:V1Sb.sub.a M.sub.m N.sub.n O.sub.xwherea=0.5 to 2M=one or more of: Sn, Ti, Fe, and Gam=0.05 to 3, usually at least 0.1 and at most 1N=one or more of: W, Bi, Mo, Li, Mg, P, Zn, Mn, Te, Ge, Nb, Zr, Cr, Al, Cu, Ce, Bn=0.0 to 0.5,and wherein the preparation of the catalyst includes contacting in an aqueous dispersion a vanadium compound and an antimony compound while said vanadium is in solution.

Abstract: Olefins such as propylene and isobutylene are converted to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile, respectively, by reacting a mixture of the olefin, ammonia, and molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing the oxides of bismuth, molybdenum, iron, nickel and magnesium, at least one element selected from the group comprising potassium and cesium, and optionally one element selected from the group comprising cobalt, phosphorus, manganese, tellurium, sodium, cerium, chromium, antimony and tungsten wherein the sum of cesium and potassium is at least 0.1 to 0.4.

Abstract: A process of producing hydrogen cyanide from crude acetonitrile comprising contacting the crude acetonitrile with an ammoxidation catalyst at an elevated temperature in the presence of an oxygen containing gas and ammonia. Preferably, the process is performed in the absence of propylene.

Abstract: Olefins such as propylene and isobutylene are converted to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile, respectively, by reacting a mixture of the olefin, ammonia, and molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing the oxides of bismuth, molybdenum, iron, nickel and magnesium, at least one element selected from the group comprising potassium and cesium, and optionally one element selected from the group comprising cobalt, phosphorus, manganese, tellurium, sodium, cerium, chromium, antimony and tungsten wherein the sum of cesium and potassium is at least 0.1 to 0.

Abstract: Olefins such as propylene and isobutylene are converted to the corresponding unsaturated nitriles, acrylonitrile, and methacrylonitrile, respectively, by reacting a mixture of the olefin, ammonia, and molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing the oxides of bismuth, molybdenum, iron, nickel and magnesium, at least one element selected from the group comprising potassium and cesium, and optionally one element selected from the group comprising cobalt, phosphorus, manganese, tellurium, sodium, cerium, chromium, antimony and tungsten wherein the sum of cesium and potassium is at least 0.1 to 0.4.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process f9or making an .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated mononitrile by the catalytic reaction of a paraffin containing 3-5 carbon atoms with molecular oxygen and ammonia by catalytic contact of the foregoing reactants in a reaction zone with a metal oxide catalyst composition that has 10-90 weight percent of a diluent/support and 90-10 weight percent of a catalyst containing the elements indicated by the empirical formula,A.sub.a D.sub.d Bi.sub.c Fe.sub.f Mo.sub.12 O.sub.xin the proportions indicated by the said formula, said diluent/support containing 10 to 100 weight percent Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and zero to 90 weight percent SiO.sub.2 whereinA is one or more of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Tl B, W, Sn and La;D is one or more of Cr, Sb, Pb, P, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn and Mg;a is zero to 10;c is 0.1 to 10;d is zero to 10; andf is 0.2 to 10; andwherein the reactants fed to the reaction zone contain a mole ratio of said paraffin:NH.sub.3 in the range from 2 to 16 and a mole ratio of said paraffin to O.sub.