Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for conversion of gas phase reactants including CO and H2 to C2+ products using multiple catalysts in a single reactor while reducing or minimizing deactivation of the catalysts. Separate catalysts can be used that correspond to a first catalyst, such as a catalyst for synthesis of methanol from synthesis gas, and a second catalyst, such as a catalyst for conversion of methanol to a desired C2+ product. The separate catalysts can be loaded into the reactor in distinct layers that are separated by spacer layers. The spacer layers can correspond to relatively inert particles, such as silica particles. Optionally, the spacer layer can include an adsorbent, such as boron supported on alumina or boron carbide particles. The adsorbent can be suitable for selective adsorption of the one or more reaction products (such as one or more reaction by-products), to allow for further reduction or minimization of the deactivation of the conversion catalysts.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for conversion of gas phase reactants including CO and H2 to C2+ products using multiple catalysts in a single reactor while reducing or minimizing deactivation of the catalysts. Separate catalysts can be used that correspond to a first catalyst, such as a catalyst for synthesis of methanol from synthesis gas, and a second catalyst, such as a catalyst for conversion of methanol to a desired C2+ product. The separate catalysts can be loaded into the reactor in distinct layers that are separated by spacer layers. The spacer layers can correspond to relatively inert particles, such as silica particles. Optionally, the spacer layer can include an adsorbent, such as boron supported on alumina or boron carbide particles. The adsorbent can be suitable for selective adsorption of the one or more reaction products (such as one or more reaction by-products), to allow for further reduction or minimization of the deactivation of the conversion catalysts.

Abstract: A computer-implemented template provides a structure for a document. The template may provide zero or more region definitions and zero or more placeholders. Region definitions may be associated with data provided in data providers. There are two types of data providers, namely software data providers and non-software data providers. Software data providers provide data through the execution of software code, whereas non-software data providers do not execute software code. A rendering engine renders the template pursuant to a rendering strategy. If a region definition in a template is associated with a region in a single data provider, the rendering engine replaces the region definition in the template with the located region. If a single region definition is associated with two or more regions, the rendering engine and the rendering strategy decide which region to use based upon a predetermined strategy.