Abstract: A Primary Force Ring for magnetohydrodynamic propulsion of a vehicle including: an endless closed loop vehicle housing; a plurality of spaced pairs of positive and negative electric field plates coupled to at least one voltage source and mounted in the housing for generating a plurality of discrete spaced electric fields within the housing; and, a plurality of electromagnetic field coils mounted in the housing with one field coil intermediate each pair of field plates for generating an endless segmented closed loop magnetic field contained within the housing and intersecting the discrete electric fields at substantially right angles.

Abstract: Magnetohydrodynamic methods and apparatus for propelling a vehicle including: an endless closed loop vehicle housing; a plurality of spaced pairs of positive and negative electric field plates coupled to at least one voltage source and mounted in the housing for generating a plurality of discrete spaced electric fields within the housing; a plurality of electromagnetic field coils mounted in the housing with one field coil intermediate each pair of field plates for generating an endless segmented closed-loop magnetic field contained within the housing and intersecting the discrete electric fields at substantially right angles; a combustible fuel source; a plurality of microscopic rocket motors coupled to the fuel source with each rocket motor having a discharge nozzle disposed above and adjacent to respective different ones of the positive electric field plates for generating a plurality of plasma streams of positively charged fuel particles and free electrons; a plurality of ion deflection assemblies associa