Abstract: Various embodiments virtualize data across heterogeneous formats. In one embodiment, a plurality of heterogeneous data sources is received as input. A local schema graph including a set of attribute nodes and a set of type nodes is generated for each of the plurality of heterogeneous data sources. A global schema graph is generated based on each local schema graph that has been generated. The global schema graph comprises each of the local schema graphs and at least one edge between at least one of two or more attributes nodes and two or more type nodes from different local schema graphs. The edge indicates a relationship between the data sources represented by the different local schema graphs comprising the two or more attributes nodes based on a computed similarity between at least one value associated with each of the two or more attributes nodes.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining schema element types are shown that include pooling potential annotations for an element of an unlabeled schema from a plurality of heterogeneous sources, scoring the pool of potential annotations according to relevancy using information using instance information from the plurality of heterogeneous sources to produce a relevancy score, and annotating the element of the unlabeled schema using the most relevant potential annotations.

Abstract: A unified interface that abstracts the underlying differences among heterogeneous data sources and data formats to produce uniform search results. While the result of an initial search may be exactly what the user was seeking, it is likely that the result is in the neighborhood of what was sought. It may aid the end user to provide guided data navigation suggestions to locate related data during data exploration, by providing analysis to identify data similarities among disparate data sources, and by providing guided combination options. The guided data navigation suggestions may include suggestions based on schematic, semantic, and social information. Guided data navigation may aid the user in moving from the initial search landing point in the data to the precise result sought.

Abstract: A unified interface that abstracts the underlying differences among heterogeneous data sources and data formats to produce uniform search results. While the result of an initial search may be exactly what the user was seeking, it is likely that the result is in the neighborhood of what was sought. It may aid the end user to provide guided data navigation suggestions to locate related data during data exploration, by providing analysis to identify data similarities among disparate data sources, and by providing guided combination options. The guided data navigation suggestions may include suggestions based on schematic, semantic, and social information. Guided data navigation may aid the user in moving from the initial search landing point in the data to the precise result sought.

Abstract: Various embodiments virtualize data across heterogeneous formats. In one embodiment, a plurality of heterogeneous data sources is received as input. A local schema graph including a set of attribute nodes and a set of type nodes is generated for each of the plurality of heterogeneous data sources. A global schema graph is generated based on each local schema graph that has been generated. The global schema graph comprises each of the local schema graphs and at least one edge between at least one of two or more attributes nodes and two or more type nodes from different local schema graphs. The edge indicates a relationship between the data sources represented by the different local schema graphs comprising the two or more attributes nodes based on a computed similarity between at least one value associated with each of the two or more attributes nodes.

Abstract: A method and system for interfacing with an end user to search, navigate, and combine large numbers of heterogeneous data sources with varying data characteristics. End user entered search terms are received and the end user is then presented a guided exploration including search results and search result details. The end user is also presented with a guided combination including search result combination options and combination details. Both the guided exploration and guided combination render all data from the heterogeneous data sources in a uniform data format and both can culminate in saving selected results.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system, and article of manufacture for querying and integrating structured and unstructured data. The method includes: receiving entity information that is extracted from a first set of unstructured data using an open domain information extraction system, wherein the entity in-formation comprises relationship information between a first entity and a second entity of the first set of unstructured data; recognizing a pattern based on the relationship information and creating a schema for the first set of unstructured data based on the pattern; and associating an element of the created schema with (i) an entity of a second set of unstructured data or (ii) a schema element of an existing set of structured data if there is sufficient overall similarity between the created schema element and either the second unstructured data entity or the schema element of the existing structured data.

Abstract: A method and system for interfacing with an end user to search, navigate, and combine large numbers of heterogeneous data sources with varying data characteristics. End user entered search terms are received and the end user is then presented a guided exploration including search results and search result details. The end user is also presented with a guided combination including search result combination options and combination details. Both the guided exploration and guided combination render all data from the heterogeneous data sources in a uniform data format and both can culminate in saving selected results.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention provide a tool for extracting schema from a spreadsheet. In an embodiment, a set of data that is stored in an uncataloged tabular format, such as a spreadsheet, is retrieved. The structure of the retrieved set of data is surveyed to determine the dataset schema thereof. Then, data elements within the dataset schema are analyzed to obtain information regarding the data elements. Based on dataset schema and the element information, an interface can be constructed that allows remote access to the set of data.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention provide a tool for extracting schema from a spreadsheet. In an embodiment, a set of data that is stored in an uncataloged tabular format, such as a spreadsheet, is retrieved. The structure of the retrieved set of data is surveyed to determine the dataset schema thereof. Then, data elements within the dataset schema are analyzed to obtain information regarding the data elements. Based on dataset schema and the element information, an interface can be constructed that allows remote access to the set of data.

Abstract: Data elements from data sources and having a data value set are linked by using hash functions to determine a dimensionally reduced instance signature for each data element based on all data values associated with that data element to yield a plurality of dimensionally reduced instance signatures of equivalent fixed size such that similarities among the data values in the data value sets across all data elements is maintained among the plurality of instance signatures. Candidate pairs of data elements to link are identified using the plurality of instance signatures in locality sensitive hash functions, and a similarity index is generated for each candidate pair using a pre-determined measure of similarity. Candidate pairs of data elements having a similarity index above a given threshold are linked.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system, and article of manufacture for querying and integrating structured and unstructured data. The method includes: receiving entity information that is extracted from a first set of unstructured data using an open domain information extraction system, wherein the entity information comprises relationship information between a first entity and a second entity of the first set of unstructured data; recognizing a pattern based on the relationship information and creating a schema for the first set of unstructured data based on the pattern; and associating an element of the created schema with (i) an entity of a second set of unstructured data or (ii) a schema element of an existing set of structured data if there is sufficient overall similarity between the created schema element and either the second unstructured data entity or the schema element of the existing structured data.

Abstract: Data elements from data sources and having a data value set are linked by using hash functions to determine a dimensionally reduced instance signature for each data element based on all data values associated with that data element to yield a plurality of dimensionally reduced instance signatures of equivalent fixed size such that similarities among the data values in the data value sets across all data elements is maintained among the plurality of instance signatures. Candidate pairs of data elements to link are identified using the plurality of instance signatures in locality sensitive hash functions, and a similarity index is generated for each candidate pair using a pre-determined measure of similarity. Candidate pairs of data elements having a similarity index above a given threshold are linked.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting an overheating condition at an electrical power device and automatically breaking the circuit when the temperature exceeds a setpoint value. In various configurations the device is a receptacle adapted to be used in a wall mounted box or a receptacle unit that is plugged into an existing receptacle. A temperature sensor is wired parallel to a normally open test switch on a ground fault circuit interrupter or other circuit interrupting device. The temperature switch is responsive to the temperature local to the receptacle, such as is caused by poor connections to or in the receptacle or a near-overload condition. The temperature setpoint is less than the melting temperature of the insulation of the electrical wiring. The temperature sensor is a thermistor with a negative temperature coefficient that allows current to flow thereby latching the interrupting device in a tripped position until the device is reset for reuse.

Abstract: Provided are a message brokering systems, computer program products and methods for communication in a publish/subscribe environment in which publisher application programs send messages to subscriber application programs via one or more message brokers, the method comprising the following steps: responsive to receipt of a published message at a message broker, referring to characteristics of the received message and subscriber-specified quality of service requirements to determine an appropriate quality or service for onward transmission of the message; selecting a communication protocol in accordance with the determined quality of service; and transmitting the message using the selected communication protocol. Information relating to the quality of service requirements of a first message broker's subscribers is passed to other brokers and subsequently used for selection of an appropriate communication protocol for transmitting messages between the brokers.

Abstract: Methods and systems for aggregating search query results include receiving search query results and schema information for the query results from multiple heterogeneous sources, determining types for elements of the query results based on the schema information, determining potential aggregations for the query results based on the types, which are based on accumulated information from the plurality of heterogeneous resources, and aggregating the query results according to one or more of the potential aggregations.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining schema element types are shown that include pooling potential annotations for an element of an unlabeled schema from a plurality of heterogeneous sources, scoring the pool of potential annotations according to relevancy using information using instance information from the plurality of heterogeneous sources to produce a relevancy score, and annotating the element of the unlabeled schema using the most relevant potential annotations.

Abstract: Provided are a message brokering systems, computer program products and methods for communication in a publish/subscribe environment in which publisher application programs send messages to subscriber application programs via one or more message brokers, the method comprising the following steps: responsive to receipt of a published message at a message broker, referring to characteristics of the received message and subscriber-specified quality of service requirements to determine an appropriate quality or service for onward transmission of the message; selecting a communication protocol in accordance with the determined quality of service; and transmitting the message using the selected communication protocol. Information relating to the quality of service requirements of a first message broker's subscribers is passed to other brokers and subsequently used for selection of an appropriate communication protocol for transmitting messages between the brokers.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting an overheating condition at an electrical power device and automatically breaking the circuit when the temperature exceeds a setpoint value. In various configurations the device is a receptacle adapted to be used in a wall mounted box or a receptacle unit that is plugged into an existing receptacle and supported in place by the existing receptacle. A temperature switch is wired parallel to a normally open test switch on a ground fault circuit interrupter or other circuit interrupting device. The temperature switch is responsive to the temperature local to the receptacle, such as is caused by poor connections to or in the receptacle. The temperature setpoint is less than the melting temperature of the insulation of the electrical wiring. Upon actuation of the temperature switch, the circuit interrupting device is latched in a tripped position until the device is reset for reuse.

Abstract: Provided are a message brokering systems, computer program products and methods for communication in a publish/subscribe environment in which publisher application programs send messages to subscriber application programs via one or more message brokers, the method comprising the following steps: responsive to receipt of a published message at a message broker, referring to characteristics of the received message and subscriber-specified quality of service requirements to determine an appropriate quality or service for onward transmission of the message; selecting a communication protocol in accordance with the determined quality of service; and transmitting the message using the selected communication protocol. Information relating to the quality of service requirements of a first message broker's subscribers is passed to other brokers and subsequently used for selection of an appropriate communication protocol for transmitting messages between the brokers.