Abstract: Methods of production of edible filamentous fungal biomat formulations are provided as standalone protein sources and/or protein ingredients in foodstuffs as well as a one-time use or repeated use self-contained biomat reactor comprising a container with at least one compartment and placed within the compartment(s), a feedstock, a fungal inoculum, a gas-permeable membrane, and optionally a liquid nutrient medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flow meter and method for measuring water cut and salinity of a multiphase mixture. The water-cut meter includes a conduit configured to receive the multiphase mixture, and a probe array configured to measure a cross-sectional area of the conduit. The probe array includes a plurality of coaxial probes connected in parallel. Optionally, the probe array is configured to operate at a single high frequency, for example, 1 to 3 GHz, to minimize conductivity loss relative to capacitance. The flow meter further includes a processor configured to transmit a signal to the probe array and to receive a reflected signal from the probe array using a single channel. The processor is further configured to calculate the water cut and the salinity of the multiphase mixture based on a single complex permittivity of the multiphase mixture calculated from the received reflected signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flow meter and method for measuring water cut and salinity of a multiphase mixture. The water-cut meter includes a conduit configured to receive the multiphase mixture, and a probe array configured to measure a cross-sectional area of the conduit. The probe array includes a plurality of coaxial probes connected in parallel. Optionally, the probe array is configured to operate at a single high frequency, for example, 1 to 3 GHz, to minimize conductivity loss relative to capacitance. The flow meter further includes a processor configured to transmit a signal to the probe array and to receive a reflected signal from the probe array using a single channel. The processor is further configured to calculate the water cut and the salinity of the multiphase mixture based on a single complex permittivity of the multiphase mixture calculated from the received reflected signal.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods, and non-transitory computer-readable medium having a stored computer program provide characterization of multiphase fluid flow (MPF) using approximate entropy calculation techniques to enhance measuring and monitoring of a flow regime in a segment of pipe for hydrocarbon-production operations. The systems and methods can be optimized using principal component analysis.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods, and non-transitory computer-readable medium having a stored computer program provide characterization of multiphase fluid flow (MPF) using approximate entropy calculation techniques to enhance measuring and monitoring of a flow regime in a segment of pipe for hydrocarbon-production operations. The systems and methods can be optimized using principal component analysis.

Abstract: Multiphase flow regimes in downhole or surface flow lines are made identifiable by forming images of the flow based on data obtained by flow regime metering of the flow. The flow regime metering data are gathered and processed in a format in which it can be subjected to face recognition processing of the type used for recognition of the faces of persons, and also to Bayesian classification techniques. Identification capabilities are particularly enhanced in flow regimes where gas bubbles or large amounts of free gas cause clutter and multiple reflections in the metering data.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for determining a water cut value of a composition comprising a hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to an apparatus for determining the water cut value of the composition that comprises one or more of a capacitance probe, a temperature probe, a salinity probe, and a computer.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods, and non-transitory computer-readable medium having a stored computer program provide characterization of multiphase fluid flow (MPF) using approximate entropy calculation techniques to enhance measuring and monitoring of a flow regime in a segment of pipe for hydrocarbon-production operations. The systems and methods can be optimized using principal component analysis.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods, and non-transitory computer-readable medium having a stored computer program provide characterization of multiphase fluid flow (MPF) using approximate entropy calculation techniques to enhance measuring and monitoring of a flow regime in a segment of pipe for hydrocarbon-production operations. The systems and methods can be optimized using principal component analysis.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods, and non-transitory computer-readable medium having a stored computer program provide characterization of multiphase fluid flow (MPF) using approximate entropy calculation techniques to enhance measuring and monitoring of a flow regime in a segment of pipe for hydrocarbon-production operations. The systems and methods can be optimized using principal component analysis.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods, and non-transitory computer-readable medium having a stored computer program provide characterization of multiphase fluid flow (MPF) using approximate entropy calculation techniques to enhance measuring and monitoring of a flow regime in a segment of pipe for hydrocarbon-production operations. The systems and methods can be optimized using principal component analysis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flow meter and method for measuring water cut and salinity of a multiphase mixture. The water-cut meter includes a conduit configured to receive the multiphase mixture, and a probe array configured to measure a cross-sectional area of the conduit. The probe array includes a plurality of coaxial probes connected in parallel. Optionally, the probe array is configured to operate at a single high frequency, for example, 1 to 3 GHz, to minimize conductivity loss relative to capacitance. The flow meter further includes a processor configured to transmit a signal to the probe array and to receive a reflected signal from the probe array using a single channel. The processor is further configured to calculate the water cut and the salinity of the multiphase mixture based on a single complex permittivity of the multiphase mixture calculated from the received reflected signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flow meter and method for measuring water cut and salinity of a multiphase mixture. The water-cut meter includes a conduit configured to receive the multiphase mixture, and a probe array configured to measure a cross-sectional area of the conduit. The probe array includes a plurality of coaxial probes connected in parallel. Optionally, the probe array is configured to operate at a single high frequency, for example, 1 to 3 GHz, to minimize conductivity loss relative to capacitance. The flow meter further includes a processor configured to transmit a signal to the probe array and to receive a reflected signal from the probe array using a single channel. The processor is further configured to calculate the water cut and the salinity of the multiphase mixture based on a single complex permittivity of the multiphase mixture calculated from the received reflected signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for determining a water cut value of a composition comprising a hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to an apparatus for determining the water cut value of the composition that comprises one or more of a capacitance probe, a temperature probe, a salinity probe, and a computer.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods, and non-transitory computer-readable medium having a stored computer program provide characterization of multiphase fluid flow (MPF) using approximate entropy calculation techniques to enhance measuring and monitoring of a flow regime in a segment of pipe for hydrocarbon-production operations. The systems and methods can be optimized using principal component analysis.

Abstract: Systems, computer-implemented methods, and non-transitory computer-readable medium having a stored computer program provide characterization of multiphase fluid flow (MPF) using approximate entropy calculation techniques to enhance measuring and monitoring of a flow regime in a segment of pipe for hydrocarbon-production operations. The systems and methods can be optimized using principal component analysis.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for determining a water cut value of a composition comprising a hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to an apparatus for determining the water cut value of the composition that comprises one or more of a capacitance probe, a temperature probe, a salinity probe, and a computer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flow meter and method for measuring water cut and salinity of a multiphase mixture. The water-cut meter includes a conduit configured to receive the multiphase mixture, and a probe array configured to measure a cross-sectional area of the conduit. The probe array includes a plurality of coaxial probes connected in parallel. Optionally, the probe array is configured to operate at a single high frequency, for example, 1 to 3 GHz, to minimize conductivity loss relative to capacitance. The flow meter further includes a processor configured to transmit a signal to the probe array and to receive a reflected signal from the probe array using a single channel. The processor is further configured to calculate the water cut and the salinity of the multiphase mixture based on a single complex permittivity of the multiphase mixture calculated from the received reflected signal.

Abstract: Processing electronics provide flow data acquisition and telemetry for multiphase flow tomographic ultrasonic transceiver arrays. The processing electronics forms pulse drive signals to cause a tomographic pulse sequence to be emitted. Selected ones of an array of the ultrasonic transceivers emit ultrasonic energy in the tomographic pulse sequence for travel through the multiphase flow. The selected transmitting transceiver is isolated while transmitting it, and the remaining the transceivers are enabled to receive measures of the emitted pulse is after travel through the multiphase flow.

Abstract: Processing electronics provide flow data acquisition and telemetry for multiphase flow tomographic ultrasonic transceiver arrays. The processing electronics forms pulse drive signals to cause a tomographic pulse sequence to be emitted. Selected ones of an array of the ultrasonic transceivers emit ultrasonic energy in the tomographic pulse sequence for travel through the multiphase flow. The selected transmitting transceiver is isolated while transmitting it, and the remaining the transceivers are enabled to receive measures of the emitted pulse is after travel through the multiphase flow.