Abstract: An optimal configuration for at least one antenna and/or at least one frequency selective surface is generated. A configuration of elements is generated by selecting a simple configuration of at least one element and applying a genetic algorithm to the simple configuration to generate a configuration optimized for various characteristics. A stochastic process may be used to randomly select an arrangement of elements as the simple antenna configuration and to select elements that connect the randomly selected elements to produce a stochastic configuration to which the genetic algorithm is then applied. Alternatively, an iterated or semi-iterated process may be applied to the simple antenna configuration to produce a fractal or a semi-fractal configuration, respectively, to which the genetic algorithm is then applied. Also, the elements may be optimized independently.

Abstract: A frequency selective surface includes a pattern of electromagnetic material formed on a substrate suspendable over a ground plane for reflecting or transmitting electromagnetic waves at one or more particular frequencies. The frequency selective surface may include one or more meandering line inductors and/or one or more interdigitated capacitors formed within the pattern of electromagnetic materials for adjusting the frequencies at which the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted. The frequency selective surface may also or instead include one or more inductors and/or one or more capacitors arranged in series within the pattern of electromagnetic materials to adjust the frequencies at which the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted. In addition, the pattern of electromagnetic materials may be formed within the substrate in such a manner that the frequencies at which the electromagnetic waves are reflected or transmitted are tunable.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for embedding electrical components within a device including a frequency responsive structure, such as an antenna or a frequency selective surface. Electrical components are selected and locations for placing the selected components within the device are selected for optimizing performance characteristics of the structure. The selection may be performed by modeling the device with various electrical components embedded at various locations using, for example, a genetic algorithm. The selected components are embedded at the selected locations. The frequency responsive structure and the selected components embedded at the selected locations may be produced in the same manufacturing process. The selected electrical components may be embedded at the selected locations as contiguous and integral parts of the device and may be embedded within the frequency responsive structure.